Peer-Review Publications

2020

J. Reiter, J. Körner, J. Pejchal, A. Yoshikawa, J. Hein, and M.C. Kaluza
Temperature dependent absorption and emission spectra of Tm:CaF2
Opt. Mater. Express, 10 :2142 (September 2020)
Abstract:
We present Emission and absorption cross sections of thulium doped calcium fluoride (Tm:CaF2) in the visible to short wave infrared (SWIR) wavelength range for temperatures between 80 K and 300 K. For spectral regions of high and low absorption the McCumber relation and the Fuchtbauer–Ladenburg equation have been used to give reliable results. Furthermore, an estimation for the cross relaxation efficiency is derived from the emission spectra as a function of doping concentration and temperature. In addition, nearly re-absorption-free fluorescence lifetimes for various doping concentrations were studied. It was found that a double exponential fit model is better suited than a migration model to represent the fluorescence decay curves. The measurement results are interpreted in the light of the application of Tm:CaF2 as an efficient active medium in high-energy class diode-pumped solid state lasers.
M. Sanjari, D. Dmytriiev, Y. Litvinov, O. Gumenyuk, R. Hess, R. Joseph, S. Litvinov, M. Steck, and T. Stöhlker
A 410 MHz resonant cavity pickup for heavy ion storage rings
Rev. Sci. Instrum., 91 :083303 (August 2020)
Abstract:
An improved design of a longitudinally sensitive resonant Schottky cavity pickup for the heavy ion storage rings of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe (FAIR) project is reported. The new detector has a higher measured Q value of ∼3000 and a higher simulated shunt impedance of 473.3 kω. It is possible to vary the sensitivity of the cavity with a motorized mechanism by inserting a dissipative blade during the operation based on experimental needs. Apart from a lower price tag, the new design features a more robust and production-friendly mechanical structure suitable for a series production in the future FAIR project. The manufactured cavity was built temporarily into the experimental storage ring and had delivered its first results using stored heavy ion beams. The structure, simulation results, and performance of this cavity are presented in this work.
A. Bonanno, A. Eichhorn, H. Gies, J. Pawlowski, R. Percacci, M. Reuter, F. Saueressig, and G. Paolo Vacca
Critical reflections on asymptotically safe gravity
Front. Phys., 8 :269 (August 2020)
Abstract:
Asymptotic safety is a theoretical proposal for the ultraviolet completion of quantum field theories, in particular for quantum gravity. Significant progress on this program has led to a first characterization of the Reuter fixed point. Further advancement in our understanding of the nature of quantumspacetime requires addressing a number of open questions and challenges. Here, we aim at providing a critical reflection on the state of the art in the asymptotic safety program, specifying and elaborating on open questions of both technical and conceptual nature. We also point out systematic pathways, in various stages of practical implementation, toward answering them. Finally, we also take the opportunity to clarify some common misunderstandings regarding the program.
M. Tschernajew, P. Gierschke, H. Lin, V. Hilbert, J. Kurdal, A. Stancalie, J. Limpert, and J. Rothhardt
Differential pumping unit for windowless coupling of laser beams to ultra high vacuum
Vacuum, 178 :109443 (August 2020)
Abstract:
Current laser technology enables table-top high flux XUV sources with photon energies from several tens to several hundreds of eV via high harmonic generation in noble gases. Here we present a compact versatile coupling unit to establish windowless, and thus lossless coupling of such light sources to ultra high vacuum (UHV). The particular coupling unit has been developed to couple a XUV laser source to a heavy ion storage ring. Three-stage differential pumping allows to reduce the input pressure of ~10−6 mbar down to the 10−12 mbar range at the output. The unit particularly reduces the partial pressure of argon, which is used to generate the XUV radiation, by 6 orders of magnitude. Measurements of the pressure distribution inside the different chambers agree well with theoretical simulations. In principle, this unit can also serve for other purposes, where a windowless vacuum coupling is needed, with a transition from High Vacuum (HV) levels to deep UHV, such as coupling to cryogenically cooled detectors, ion traps or to photoelectron emission spectroscopy experiments.
S. Schippers, A. Perry-Sassmannshausen, T. Buhr, M. Martins, S. Fritzsche, and A. Müller
Multiple photodetachment of atomic anions via single and double core-hole creation
J. Phys. B, 53 :192001 (August 2020)
Abstract:
We review the recent experimental and theoretical progress in K-shell detachment studies of atomic anions. On the experimental side, this field has largely benefitted from technical advances at 3rd generation synchrotron radiation sources. For multiple detachment of C-, O-, and F- ions, recent results were obtained at the photon-ion merged-beams setup PIPE which is a permanent end station at beamline P04 of the PETRA III synchrotron light source in Hamburg, Germany. In addition to a much increased photon flux as compared to what was available previously, the PIPE setup has an extraordinary detection sensitivity for heavy charged reaction products that allows one to study detachment processes with extremely low cross sections in the kilobarn range, e.g., for processes involving the simultaneous creation of two core-holes by a single photon as observed in the net triple detachment of F- and the net five-fold detachment of C-. Moreover, hitherto disregarded photodetachment resonances have been discovered, which exhibit a variety of line shapes. For O- the core-hole lifetime could be determined precisely from a high-resolution measurement of a photodetachment resonance. These experimental findings pose new challenges for state-of-the-art atomic theory and require calculations combining photoexcitation (ionization) with decay cascade processes that follow after initial core-hole production.
C. Zhang, S. Schoun, C. Heyl, G. Porat, M. Gaarde, and J. Ye
Noncollinear Enhancement Cavity for Record-High Out-coupling Efficiency of an Extreme-UV Frequency Comb
Phys. Rev. Lett., 125 :093902 (August 2020)
S. Panahiyan, and S. Fritzsche
Simulation of novel cell-like topological structures with quantum walk
Eur. Phys. J. Plus, 135 :626 (August 2020)
W. Eschen, G. Tadesse, Y. Peng, M. Steinert, T. Pertsch, J. Limpert, and J. Rothhardt
Single-shot characterization of strongly focused coherent XUV and soft X-ray beams
Opt. Lett., 45 :4798 (August 2020)
Abstract:
In this Letter, we present a novel, to the best of our knowledge, single-shot method for characterizing focused coherent beams. We utilize a dedicated amplitude-only mask, in combination with an iterative phase retrieval algorithm, to reconstruct the amplitude and phase of a focused beam from a single measured far-field diffraction pattern alone. In a proof-of-principle experiment at a wavelength of 13.5 nm, we demonstrate our new method and obtain an RMS phase error of better than $łambda /70$. This method will find applications in the alignment of complex optical systems, real-time feedback to adaptive optics, and single-shot beam characterization, e.g., at free-electron lasers or high-order harmonic beamlines.
D. Zille, D. Adolph, S. Skruszewicz, A. M. Sayler, and G.G. Paulus
Species-dependent tunneling ionization of weakly bound atoms in the short-wave infrared regime
New J. Phys., 22 :083021 (August 2020)
S. Chen, J. Chen, G. Paulus, and H. Kang
Strong-field frustrated double ionization of argon atoms
Phys. Rev. A, 102 :023103 (August 2020)
Abstract:
Using a three-dimensional semiclassical method, we theoretically investigate frustrated double ionization (FDI) of Ar atoms subjected to strong laser fields. The double-hump photoelectron momentum distribution generated from FDI observed in a recent experiment [S. Larimian, Phys. Rev. Research 2, 013021 (2020)2643-156410.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.013021] is reproduced by our simulation. We confirm that the observed spectrum is due to recollision. The laser intensity dependence of FDI is investigated. We reveal that the doubly excited states of Ar atoms and excited states of Ar+ are the dominant pathways for producing FDI at relatively low and high intensities, respectively. The information of which pathway leads to FDI is encoded in the electron momentum distributions. Our work demonstrates that FDI is a general strong-field physical process accompanied with nonsequential double ionization and it can be well understood within the context of recollision scenario.
V. Dinu, and G. Torgrimsson
Approximating higher-order nonlinear QED processes with first-order building blocks
Phys. Rev. D, 102 :016018 (July 2020)
N. Scott, A. Hibbert, J. Ballantyne, S. Fritzsche, A. Hazel, D. Landau, D. Walker, and Z. Was
CPC's 50th Anniversary: Celebrating 50 years of open-source software in computational physics
Comput. Phys. Commun., 252 :107269 (July 2020)
Abstract:
To celebrate the leading role Computer Physics Communications (CPC) has played in publishing open-source software in computational physics for over 50 years the editors are delighted to announce this Virtual Special Issue. Since 2018, coinciding with the 50th anniversary of the start of the CPC venture, thirty-two invited articles have been published. Each has been peer reviewed and each bears the header ‘CPC 50th anniversary article’. The special issue is in keeping with CPC's ethos: it is focused on computational physics software and is accompanied by twenty-five software systems. The introduction to the collection also includes a personal reflection on Phil Burke, CPC's founder, by Alan Hibbert, a lifelong colleague, who joined Queen's University with Phil in the autumn of 1967. The distinctive feature of CPC is its Program Library which houses and distributes over 3500 open-source programs in computational physics. The introduction concludes with a description of key events in the history of the Program Library, its association with Queen's University Belfast and its transfer to Elsevier's Mendeley Data repository.
F. Oppermann, P. Wustelt, T. Florin, S. Mhatre, S. Gräfe, G. Paulus, and M. Lein
Dissociation and ionization of HeH+in sub-cycle-controlled intense two-color fields
J. Phys. B, 53 :174001 (July 2020)
Abstract:
Using quantum-mechanical, one-dimensional, non-Born-Oppenheimer simulations we study the control over the strong-field dynamics of the helium hydride molecular ion HeH+ due to interaction driven by short and strong two-color laser pulses. We calculate yields of two competing fragmentation channels: electron removal and dissociation. We find that by changing the relative phase of the two colors, we can select the dominating channel. Nuclear motion is decisive for explaining ionization in this target. Ionization yields are vastly underestimated when nuclear motion is excluded and they are substantially reduced in the heavier isotopologue HeD+. Coupling of the two lowest electronic states is crucial even for the ground-state dissociation process.
B. Liu, J. Meyer-ter-Vehn, H. Ruhl, and M. Zepf
Front edge velocity of ultra-intense circularly polarized laser pulses in a relativistically transparent plasma
Plasma Phys. Contr. F., 62 :085014 (July 2020)
Abstract:
The propagation of ultra-intense circularly polarized laser pulses in a relativistically transparent plasma is investigated with the help of particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. When the incident laser pulse is strong enough to expel almost all electrons from the focal volume, the propagation of the laser front edge is found to be dominated by the balance between the laser radiation pressure and the laser-driven electrostatic pressure. Based on a one-dimensional (1D) model, the laser front edge velocity is predicted to depend on , where n0 is the initial plasma density, nc the critical density and a0 the laser amplitude. PIC simulations show that the theoretical prediction works well for not only 1D but also 2D and 3D geometries.
H. Kang, A. Maxwell, D. Trabert, X. Lai, S. Eckart, M. Kunitski, M. Schoeffler, T. Jahnke, X. Bian, R. Doerner, and C. Faria
Holographic detection of parity in atomic and molecular orbitals
Phys. Rev. A, 102 :013109 (July 2020)
D. Leimbach, J. Karls, Y. Guo, R. Ahmed, J. Ballof, L. Bengtsson, F. Boix Pamies, A. Borschevsky, K. Chrysalidis, E. Eliav, D. Fedorov, V. Fedosseev, O. Forstner, N. Galland, R. Garcia Ruiz, C. Granados, R. Heinke, K. Johnston, A. Koszorus, U. Köster, M. Kristiansson, Y. Liu, B. Marsh, P. Molkanov, L. Pašteka, J. Ramos, E. Renault, M. Reponen, A. Ringvall-Moberg, R. Rossel, D. Studer, A. Vernon, J. Warbinek, J. Welander, K. Wendt, S. Wilkins, D. Hanstorp, and S. Rothe
The electron affinity of astatine
Nat. Commun., 11 :3824 (July 2020)
Abstract:
One of the most important properties influencing the chemical behavior of an element is the electron affinity (EA). Among the remaining elements with unknown EA is astatine, where one of its isotopes, 211At, is remarkably well suited for targeted radionuclide therapy of cancer. With the At− anion being involved in many aspects of current astatine labeling protocols, the knowledge of the electron affinity of this element is of prime importance. Here we report the measured value of the EA of astatine to be 2.41578(7)\thinspaceeV. This result is compared to state-of-the-art relativistic quantum mechanical calculations that incorporate both the Breit and the quantum electrodynamics (QED) corrections and the electron—electron correlation effects on the highest level that can be currently achieved for many-electron systems. The developed technique of laser-photodetachment spectroscopy of radioisotopes opens the path for future EA measurements of other radioelements such as polonium, and eventually super-heavy elements.
E. Lindroth, I. Orban, S. Trotsenko, and R. Schuch
Electron-impact recombination and excitation rates for charge-state-selected highly charged Si ions
Phys. Rev. A, 101 :062706 (June 2020)
Abstract:
Charge-state selective recombination rate coefficients were measured by time of flight (TOF) analyzed highly charged Si ions extracted from an electron-beam ion trap. Additionally, the combination of simultaneous TOF and x-ray measurements and a separation of the dielectronic recombination contribution in the x-ray spectra is used for extracting electron-impact excitation rate coefficients for several overlaying charge states. Experimentally derived dielectronic recombination spectra for XIII and XIV Si are compared and found in excellent agreement with the results of relativistic many-body perturbation theory calculations.
F. Karbstein, and E. A. Mosman
Enhancing quantum vacuum signatures with tailored laser beams
Phys. Rev. D, 101 :113002 (June 2020)
Abstract:
We demonstrate that tailored laser beams provide a powerful means to make quantum vacuum signatures in strong electromagnetic fields accessible in experiment. Typical scenarios aiming at the detection of quantum vacuum nonlinearities at the high-intensity frontier envision the collision of focused laser pulses. The effective interaction of the driving fields mediated by vacuum fluctuations gives rise to signal photons encoding the signature of quantum vacuum nonlinearity. Isolating a small number of signal photons from the large background of the driving laser photons poses a major experimental challenge. The main idea of the present work is to modify the far-field properties of a driving laser beam to exhibit a fieldfree hole in its center, thereby allowing for an essentially backgroundfree measurement of the signal scattered in the forward direction. Our explicit construction makes use of a peculiar far-field/focus duality.
S. Kuhn, C. Shah, J. López-Urrutia, K. Fujii, R. Steinbrügge, J. Stierhof, M. Togawa, Z. Harman, N. Oreshkina, C. Cheung, M. Kozlov, S. Porsev, M. Safronova, J. Berengut, M. Rosner, M. Bissinger, R. Ballhausen, N. Hell, S. Park, M. Chung, M. Hoesch, J. Seltmann, A. Surzhykov, V. Yerokhin, J. Wilms, F. Porter, T. Stöhlker, C. Keitel, T. Pfeifer, G. Brown, M. Leutenegger, and S. Bernitt
High Resolution Photoexcitation Measurements Exacerbate the Long-Standing Fe XVII Oscillator Strength Problem
Phys. Rev. Lett., 124 :225001 (June 2020)
Abstract:
For more than 40 years, most astrophysical observations and laboratory studies of two key soft x-ray diagnostic 2p-3d transitions, 3C and 3D, in Fe XVII ions found oscillator strength ratios f(3C)/f(3D) disagreeing with theory, but uncertainties had precluded definitive statements on this much studied conundrum. Here, we resonantly excite these lines using synchrotron radiation at PETRA III, and reach, at a millionfold lower photon intensities, a 10 times higher spectral resolution, and 3 times smaller uncertainty than earlier work. Our final result of f(3C)/f(3D)=3.09(8)(6) supports many of the earlier clean astrophysical and laboratory observations, while departing by five sigmas from our own newest large-scale ab initio calculations, and excluding all proposed explanations, including those invoking nonlinear effects and population transfers.
F. Tuitje, W. Eschen, G. Tadesse, J. Limpert, J. Rothhardt, and C. Spielmann
Reliability of ptychography on periodic structures
OSA Continuum, 3 :1691 (June 2020)
H. Bernhardt, A. Schmitt, B. Grabiger, B. Marx-Glowna, R. Loetzsch, H.-C. Wille, D. Bessas, A. Chumakov, R. Rüffer, R. Röhlsberger, T. Stöhlker, I. Uschmann, G. Paulus, and K. Schulze
Ultra-high precision x-ray polarimetry with artificial diamond channel cuts at the beam divergence limit
Phys. Rev. Research, 2 :023365 (June 2020)
Abstract:
We report on the use of synthetic single-crystal diamonds for high definition x-ray polarimetry. The diamonds are precision mounted to form artificial channel-cut crystals (ACCs). Each ACC supports four consecutive reflections with a scattering angle 2ΘB of 90°. We achieved a polarization purity of 3.0×10−10 at beamline ID18 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). When the x-ray beam's horizontal divergence was reduced through additional collimation from 17 to 8.4μrad, the polarization purity improved to 1.4×10−10. Precision x-ray polarimetry thus has reached the limit, where the purity is determined by the divergence of the beam. In particular, this result is important for polarimetry at fourth generation x-ray sources, which provide diffraction-limited x-ray beams. The sensitivity expected as a consequence of the present work will pave the way for exploring new physics such as the investigation of vacuum birefringence.
E. Appi, C. Papadopoulou, J. Mapa, N. Wesavkar, C. Jusko, P. Mosel, S. Ališauskas, T. Lang, C. Heyl, B. Manschwetus, M. Braune, M. Brachmanski, H. Lindenblatt, F. Trost, S. Meister, P. Schoch, R. Treusch, R. Moshammer, I. Hartl, U. Morgner, and M. Kovacev
A Synchronized VUV Beamline for Time Domain Two-Color Dynamic Studies at FLASH2
Conference Proceedings - Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting-LEOS (May 2020)
DOI
Y. Ma, S. Salman, C. Li, C. Mahnke, J. Fellinger, A. Mayer, O. Heckl, C. Heyl, and I. Hartl
Compact, Alignment-Free, Environmentally Stable Dispersion Compensated Femtosecond Yb-Fiber Oscillator
Conference Proceedings - Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting-LEOS (May 2020)
DOI
S. Cousens, M. Yeung, M. Zepf, and B. Dromey
Electron trajectories associated with laser-driven coherent synchrotron emission at the front surface of overdense plasmas
Phys. Rev. E, 101 :053210 (May 2020)
Abstract:
We present an in-depth analysis of an ultrafast electron trajectory type that produces attosecond electromagnetic pulses in both the reflected and forward directions during normal incidence, relativistic laser-plasma interactions. Our particle-in-cell simulation results show that for a target which is opaque to the frequency of the driving laser pulse the emission trajectory is synchrotronlike but differs significantly from the previously identified figure-eight type which produces bright attosecond bursts exclusively in the reflected direction. The origin and characteristics of this trajectory type are explained in terms of the driving electromagnetic fields, the opacity of the plasma, and the conservation of canonical momentum.
P. Balla, A. Wahid, I. Sytcevich, C. Guo, A. Schönberg, A.-L. Viotti, l. Silletti, A. Cartella, S. Ališauskas, H. Tavakol, U. Grosse-Wortmann, M. Seidel, B. Manschwetus, T. Lang, F. Calegari, A. Couairon, A. L'Huillier, C. Arnold, I. Hartl, and C. Heyl
Factor 40 Pulse Post-Compression of 200 W in-Burst Average Power Pulses via Single-Stage Multi-Pass Spectral Broadening
Conference Proceedings - Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting-LEOS (May 2020)
DOI