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Dear colleagues and friends of the HI-Jena,

we are glad to provide you with the March 2023 issue of the newsletter of the Helmholtz Institute Jena.
Below you find informations and news about recent activities of our institute.

Kind Regards,
Helmholtz Institute Jena

New Regimes of Nuclear Resonance Excitation: First Experiments at the European XFEL

Ralf Röhlsberger for the MCLS* collaboration and for the 45Sc collaboration

The nuclear resonances of Mössbauer isotopes provide extremely narrow energy references for high-resolution spectroscopy. This qualifies them for applications in condensed matter physics as well as for studies in fundamental physics and extreme metrology. Since the pioneering experiment by E. Gerdau et al. [1] at the storage ring DORIS (DESY, Hamburg), the technique of nuclear resonance scattering has found widespread applications at hard X-ray synchrotron radiation sources worldwide. Its implementation and use at hard X-ray laser sources started with one experiment performed at SACLA in Japan reported so far [2].

In 2022 we could perform the first experiments on nuclear resonance scattering at the European XFEL. One study was conducted at the 14.4 keV resonance of 57Fe aiming at applications in x-ray quantum optics in a collaboration with researchers from Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, the Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, the University of Freiburg and DESY. The other experiment, initiated by researchers from Argonne National Laboratory and Texas A&M University in College Station, USA, succeeded to achieve the first photonic excitation of the ultranarrow 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc for future applications in extreme metrology.

Employing the 14.4 keV nuclear resonance of 57Fe we aimed at the realization of multiphoton excitation in forward scattering from an ensemble of Mössbauer nuclei. Due to the radiative coupling between the nuclei in the ensemble, an enhanced decay rate (superradiance, SR) and collective energy shifts (collective Lamb shift, CLS) appear as characteristic signatures in the scattered light. So far, SR and CLS have been extensively studied in the single-photon excitation regime at synchrotrons. Here we were aiming to reveal the spectral properties of the nuclear exciton under multiphoton excitation conditions, especially with the goal to determine the CLS as function of the number of photons that resonantly excite the nuclear ensemble. So far, the spectral properties under multiphoton excitation conditions have neither been approached theoretically nor experimentally. Our experiment in 2022 was mainly devoted to reliably detect the nuclear forward scattering signal in the presence of the extremely intense radiation pulses of the European XFEL. To our great surprise, under these conditions a 8 mm thick 57Fe foil appeared to be only 1 mm thick, as illustrated in Fig.1. The microscopic mechanism for this unique behavior is still under investigation.

The 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc is one of the narrowest nuclear resonances known with a half width of 1.4 femto-eV. In several aspects this isotope is superior to the 8.3 eV 229mTh isomer for extreme metrology applications. The scientific potential of the 45Sc resonance together with the possibility to resonantly excite it by photons from modern accelerator-based hard x-ray sources was identified more than 30 years ago [3]. However, it escaped detection until now, mostly due to the lack of hard x-ray sources with sufficient spectral flux. In this experiment the nuclear resonance of 45Sc was successfully observed by irradiation of a Sc metal foil with 12.4-keV x-ray pulses of sub-millisecond duration and detection of the 4 keV delayed K-fluorescence that followed internal nuclear conversion. The resonance energy, which was known before the experiment to an uncertainty of +/- 50 eV only was determined with sub-eV accuracy. Our results set the stage for further studies of this isotope with promising applications in fundamental physics and extreme metrology.

Both experiments greatly benefitted from the high pulse repetition rate in conjunction with hard x-ray self-seeding (HXRSS) at the respective nuclear resonance energies, providing the spectral flux for efficient nuclear resonance excitation. A unique pulse pattern will be extremely beneficial for future studies at the 45Sc resonance, in particular for the analysis of hyperfine interactions via nuclear forward scattering.

References

* Multiphoton Collective Lamb Shift
[1] E. Gerdau et al., Nuclear Bragg diffraction of synchrotron radiation in yttrium iron garnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 835 (1985).
[2] A. I. Chumakov et al., Superradiance of an ensemble of nuclei excited by a free electron laser, Nature Physics 14, 261 (2018).
[3] Yu. V. Shvyd’ko and G. V. Smirnov, On the direct measurement of nuclear resonance parameters of long-lived (>=1s) isomers. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 51, 452 (1990).

News and Announcements

Semiannual Meeting of the HI Jena

We kindly invite you to the Helmholtz Institute Jena semiannual palaver. The detailed agenda can be found here. Zoom link: 670 9407 9947
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Team of the Helmholtz Institute Jena one of the winners at the DIHP Elevator Pitch 2023

Five teams awarded at the Ideas Pitch 2023 at the "Digital Innovation Hub Photonics" (DIHP)  To support start-ups and fresh ideas in the field of optics and photonics:…
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Robert Klas is awarded Hugo Geiger Prize 2023

Dr. Robert Klas, from Helmholtz Institute Jena and Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, has received this year’s “Hugo Geiger Award…
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10th Joint RS-APS & HGS-HIRe Lecture Week on APPA Research at FAIR

At the end of February 2023 the Research School of Advanced Photon Science (RS-APS) of the Helmholtz Institute Jena organized already its 10th edition of its “Joint…
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Upcoming events

Upcoming events

DateTitleLocation

Recently finished theses

Riedel, R.
Pulse Metrology Tool and Burst-Mode Laser Amplifier for the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg
Universität Hamburg; Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften
December 2013
File:https://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/handle/ediss/5213
Ecker, B.
Entwicklung kohärenter Lichtquellen im XUV-Regime
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
November 2013
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-1781
Hahn, C.
Energie- und polarisationssensitiver Nachweis harter Röntgenstrahlung an Hochintensitätslasern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_msc.pdf
Geithner, R.
Optimierung eines kryogenen Stromkomparators für den Einsatz als Strahlmonitor
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00023556
Rathje, T.
Photodissoziation des Wasserstoffmolekülions durch Einzelzyklenlaserpulse
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/trathje_phd.pdf
Seegert, N.
Quantum Reflection at Strong Magnetic Fields
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/nseegert_msc.pdf
Herdrich, M. O.
Ionisationsquerschnitte von Uranionen in Speicherringen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mherdrich_bsc.pdf
Müller, R. A.
Angular and Polarisation Properties of Bremsstrahlung Radiation in the Short-Wavelength Limit
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
August 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/rmueller_bsc.pdf
Blinne, A.
Paarproduktion in rotierenden elektrischen Feldern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
March 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/ablinne_msc.pdf
Kienel, M.
Passive Coherent Beam Combining of Temporally Cascaded Pulses
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
January 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mkienel_msc.pdf
Lötzsch, R.
Bent crystal X-ray optics for the diagnosis and applications of laser-produced plasmas
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
November 2012
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00022009
Aurand, B.
Untersuchungen zu Mechanismen der Laser-Teilchenbeschleunigung
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
June 2012
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-2060
Fuchs, S.
Optische Kohärenztomografie mit kurzen Wellenlängen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
April 2012
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/sfuchs_dip.pdf
Märtin, R.
Röntgenpolarimetrie angewandt zur Untersuchung der Bremsstrahlung spinpolarisierter Elektronen
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie
September 2011
File:http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/12675/
Hahn, C.
Charakterisierung ortsauflösender Halbleiterdetektoren für harte Röntgenstrahlung
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_bsc.pdf
Reuter, M.
Interferometric Probing of Laser Generated Plasmas for Electron Acceleration
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
July 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mreuter_dip.pdf

Recent publications

Serbo, V.; Ivanov, I. P.; Fritzsche, S.; Seipt, D.; Surzhykov, A.
Scattering of twisted relativistic electrons by atoms
Physical Review A, 92 :012705
July 2015
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.92.012705
Busold, S.; Schumacher, D.; Brabetz, C.; Jahn, D.; Kroll, F.; Deppert, O.; Schramm, U.; Cowan, T.; Blazevic, A.; Bagnoud, V.; Roth, M.
Towards highest peak intensities for ultra-short MeV-range ion bunches
Scientific Reports, 5 :1
July 2015
DOI:10.1038/srep12459
Frömmgen, N.; Balabanski, D. L.; Bissell, M. L.; Bieron, J.; Blaum, K.; Cheal, B.; Flanagan, K.; Fritzsche, S.; Geppert, C.; Hammen, M.; Kowalska, M.; Kreim, K.; Krieger, A.; Neugart, R.; Neyens, G.; Rajabali, M. M.; Nörtershäuser, W.; Papuga, J.; Yordanov, D. T.
Collinear laser spectroscopy of atomic cadmium: Extraction of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments
European Physical Journal D, 69 :164
June 2015
DOI:10.1140/epjd/e2015-60219-0
Weber, G.; Bräuning, H.; Surzhykov, A.; Brandau, C.; Fritzsche, S.; Geyer, S.; Grisenti, R. E.; Hagmann, S.; Hahn, C.; Hess, R.; Hess, S.; Kozhuharov, C.; Kühnel, M.; Märtin, R.; Petridis, N.; Spillmann, U.; Trotsenko, S.; Winters, D. F. A.; Stöhlker, T.
Combined linear polarization and angular distribution measurements of x-rays for precise determination of multipole-mixing in characteristic transitions of high- Z systems
Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 48 :144031
June 2015
DOI:10.1088/0953-4075/48/14/144031
Beyer, H. F.; Gassner, T.; Trassinelli, M.; Hess, R.; Spillmann, U.; Banaś, D.; Blumenhagen, K.-H.; Bosch, F.; Brandau, C.; Chen, W.; Dimopoulou, C.; Förster, E.; Grisenti, R. E.; Gumberidze, A.; Hagmann, S.; Hillenbrand, P.-M.; Indelicato, P.; Jagodzinski, P.; Kämpfer, T.; Kozhuharov, C.; Lestinsky, M.; Liesen, D.; Litvinov, Y. A.; Loetzsch, R.; Manil, B.; Märtin, R.; Nolden, F.; Petridis, N.; Sanjari, M. S.; Schulze, K. S.; Schwemlein, M.; Simionovici, A.; Steck, M.; Stöhlker, T.; Szabo, C. I.; Trotsenko, S.; Uschmann, I.; Weber, G.; Wehrhan, O.; Winckler, N.; Winters, D. F. A.; Winters, N.; Ziegler, E.
Crystal optics for precision x-ray spectroscopy on highly charged ions—conception and proof
Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 48 :144010
June 2015
DOI:10.1088/0953-4075/48/14/144010
Gumberidze, A.; Thorn, D. B.; Fontes, C. J.; Najjari, B.; Zhang, H. L.; Surzhykov, A.; Voitkiv, A.; Fritzsche, S.; Banaś, D.; Beyer, H.; Chen, W.; DuBois, R. D.; Geyer, S.; Grisenti, R. E.; Hagmann, S.; Hegewald, M.; Hess, S.; Kozhuharov, C.; Märtin, R.; Petridis, N.; Reuschl, R.; Simon, A.; Spillmann, U.; Trassinelli, M.; Trotsenko, S.; Weber, G.; Winters, D. F. A.; Winters, N.; Yu, D.; Stöhlker, T.
Ground-state excitation of heavy highly-charged ions
Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 48 :144006
June 2015
DOI:10.1088/0953-4075/48/14/144006
Gebhardt, M.; Gaida, C.; Stutzki, F.; Hädrich, S.; Jauregui, C.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Impact of atmospheric molecular absorption on the temporal and spatial evolution of ultra-short optical pulses
Optics Express, 23 :13776
June 2015
DOI:10.1364/OE.23.013776
Otto, H.-J.; Modsching, N.; Jauregui, C.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Impact of photodarkening on the mode instability threshold
Optics Express, 23 :15265
June 2015
DOI:10.1364/OE.23.015265
Vollbrecht, J.; Andelkovic, Z.; Dax, A.; Geithner, W.; Geppert, C.; Gorges, C.; Hammen, M.; Hannen, V.; Kaufmann, S.; König, K.; Litvinov, Y.; Lochmann, M.; Maass, B.; Meisner, J.; Murboeck, T.; Nörtershäuser, W.; Sanchez, R.; Schmidt, S.; Schmidt, M.; Steck, M.; Stöhlker, T.; Thompson, R. C.; Ullmann, J.; Weinheimer, C.
Laser spectroscopy of the ground-state hyperfine structure in H-like and Li-like bismuth
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 583 :012002
June 2015
DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/583/1/012002
Gebhardt, M.; Gaida, C.; Hädrich, S.; Stutzki, F.; Jauregui, C.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Nonlinear compression of an ultrashort-pulse thulium-based fiber laser to sub-70  fs in Kagome photonic crystal fiber
Optics Letters, 40 :2770
June 2015
DOI:10.1364/OL.40.002770
Artemyev, A. N.; Surzhykov, A.
Quantum Electrodynamical Corrections to Energy Levels of Diatomic Quasimolecules
Physical Review Letters, 114 :243004
June 2015
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.243004
Braun, J.; Finkbeiner, S.; Karbstein, F.; Roscher, D.
Search for inhomogeneous phases in fermionic models
Physical Review D, 91 :116006
June 2015
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.91.116006
Wagner, F.; Bedacht, S.; Bagnoud, V.; Deppert, O.; Geschwind, S.; Jaeger, R.; Ortner, A.; Tebartz, A.; Zielbauer, B.; Hoffmann, D. H. H.; Roth, M.
Simultaneous observation of angularly separated laser-driven proton beams accelerated via two different mechanisms
Physics of Plasmas, 22 :063110
June 2015
DOI:10.1063/1.4922661
Karbstein, F.; Shaisultanov, R.
Stimulated photon emission from the vacuum
Physical Review D, 91 :113002
June 2015
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.91.113002
Ullmann, J.; Andelkovic, Z.; Dax, A.; Geithner, W.; Geppert, C.; Gorges, C.; Hammen, M.; Hannen, V.; Kaufmann, S.; König, K.; Litvinov, Y.; Lochmann, M.; Maass, B.; Meisner, J.; Murböck, T.; Sanchez, R.; Schmidt, M.; Schmidt, S.; Steck, M.; Stöhlker, T.; Thompson, R. C.; Vollbrecht, J.; Weinheimer, C.; Nörtershäuser, W.
An improved value for the hyperfine splitting of hydrogen-like 209 Bi 82+
Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 48 :144022
May 2015
File:http://stacks.iop.org/0953-4075/48/i=14/a=144022
Höppner, H.; Hage, A.; Tanikawa, T.; Schulz, M.; Riedel, R.; Teubner, U.; Prandolini, M. J.; Faatz, B.; Tavella, F.
An optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier for seeding high repetition rate free-electron lasers
New Journal of Physics, 17 :053020
May 2015
File:http://stacks.iop.org/1367-2630/17/i=5/a=053020
Gaida, C.; Kienel, M.; Müller, M.; Klenke, A.; Gebhardt, M.; Stutzki, F.; Jauregui, C.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Coherent combination of two Tm-doped fiber amplifiers
Optics Letters, 40 :2301
May 2015
DOI:10.1364/OL.40.002301
Oppelt, M.; Baumann, M.; Bergmann, R.; Beyreuther, E.; Brüchner, K.; Hartmann, J.; Karsch, L.; Krause, M.; Laschinsky, L.; Leßmann, E.; Nicolai, M.; Reuter, M.; Richter, C.; Sävert, A.; Schnell, M.; Schürer, M.; Woithe, J.; Kaluza, M.; Pawelke, J.
Comparison study of in vivo dose response to laser-driven versus conventional electron beam
Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 54 :155
May 2015
DOI:10.1007/s00411-014-0582-1
Wu, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Fu, Y.; Surzhykov, A.; Fritzsche, S.; Dong, C.
Dielectronic recombination rate coefficients of initially rubidium-like tungsten
European Physical Journal D, 69 :140
May 2015
DOI:10.1140/epjd/e2015-50634-6
Otto, A.; Seipt, D.; Blaschke, D.; Smolyansky, S. A.; Kämpfer, B.
Dynamical Schwinger process in a bifrequent electric field of finite duration: Survey on amplification
Physical Review D, 91 :105018
May 2015
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.91.105018
Bierbach, J.; Yeung, M.; Eckner, E.; Roedel, C.; Kuschel, S.; Zepf, M.; Paulus, G.G.
Long-term operation of surface high-harmonic generation from relativistic oscillating mirrors using a spooling tape
Optics Express, 23 :12321
May 2015
DOI:10.1364/OE.23.012321
Gao, B. S.; Najafi, M. A.; Atanasov, D. R.; Blaum, K.; Bosch, F.; Brandau, C.; Chen, X. C.; Dillmann, I.; Dimopoulou, C.; Faestermann, T.; Geissel, H.; Gernhäuser, R.; Hillenbrand, P.-M.; Kovalenko, O.; Kozhuharov, C.; Litvinov, S. A.; Litvinov, Y. A.; Maier, L.; Nolden, F.; Piotrowski, J.; Sanjari, M. S.; Scheidenberger, C.; Spillmann, U.; Steck, M.; Stöhlker, T.; Trageser, C.; Tu, X. L.; Weick, H.; Winckler, N.; Xu, H. S.; Yamaguchi, T.; Yan, X. L.; Zhang, Y. H.; Zhou, X. H.
Radioactive decays of highly-charged ions
EPJ Web of Conferences, 93 :05003
May 2015
DOI:10.1051/epjconf/20159305003
Surzhykov, A.; Yerokhin, V. A.; Stöhlker, T.; Fritzsche, S.
Rayleigh x-ray scattering from many-electron atoms and ions
Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 48 :144015
May 2015
File:http://stacks.iop.org/0953-4075/48/i=14/a=144015
Wu, Z. W.; Surzhykov, A.; Fritzsche, S.
Reply to “Comment on `Hyperfine-induced modifications to the angular distribution of the Kα₁ x-ray emission' ”
Physical Review A, 91 :056502
May 2015
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.91.056502
Krygier, A. G.; Morrison, J. T.; Kar, S.; Ahmed, H.; Alejo, A.; Clarke, R.; Fuchs, J.; Green, A.; Jung, D.; Kleinschmidt, A.; Najmudin, Z.; Nakamura, H.; Norreys, P.; Notley, M.; Oliver, M.; Roth, M.; Vassura, L.; Zepf, M.; Borghesi, M.; Freeman, R. R.
Selective deuterium ion acceleration using the Vulcan petawatt laser
Physics of Plasmas, 22 :053102
May 2015
DOI:10.1063/1.4919618
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