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Dear colleagues and friends of the HI-Jena,

we are glad to provide you with the March 2023 issue of the newsletter of the Helmholtz Institute Jena.
Below you find informations and news about recent activities of our institute.

Kind Regards,
Helmholtz Institute Jena

New Regimes of Nuclear Resonance Excitation: First Experiments at the European XFEL

Ralf Röhlsberger for the MCLS* collaboration and for the 45Sc collaboration

The nuclear resonances of Mössbauer isotopes provide extremely narrow energy references for high-resolution spectroscopy. This qualifies them for applications in condensed matter physics as well as for studies in fundamental physics and extreme metrology. Since the pioneering experiment by E. Gerdau et al. [1] at the storage ring DORIS (DESY, Hamburg), the technique of nuclear resonance scattering has found widespread applications at hard X-ray synchrotron radiation sources worldwide. Its implementation and use at hard X-ray laser sources started with one experiment performed at SACLA in Japan reported so far [2].

In 2022 we could perform the first experiments on nuclear resonance scattering at the European XFEL. One study was conducted at the 14.4 keV resonance of 57Fe aiming at applications in x-ray quantum optics in a collaboration with researchers from Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, the Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, the University of Freiburg and DESY. The other experiment, initiated by researchers from Argonne National Laboratory and Texas A&M University in College Station, USA, succeeded to achieve the first photonic excitation of the ultranarrow 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc for future applications in extreme metrology.

Employing the 14.4 keV nuclear resonance of 57Fe we aimed at the realization of multiphoton excitation in forward scattering from an ensemble of Mössbauer nuclei. Due to the radiative coupling between the nuclei in the ensemble, an enhanced decay rate (superradiance, SR) and collective energy shifts (collective Lamb shift, CLS) appear as characteristic signatures in the scattered light. So far, SR and CLS have been extensively studied in the single-photon excitation regime at synchrotrons. Here we were aiming to reveal the spectral properties of the nuclear exciton under multiphoton excitation conditions, especially with the goal to determine the CLS as function of the number of photons that resonantly excite the nuclear ensemble. So far, the spectral properties under multiphoton excitation conditions have neither been approached theoretically nor experimentally. Our experiment in 2022 was mainly devoted to reliably detect the nuclear forward scattering signal in the presence of the extremely intense radiation pulses of the European XFEL. To our great surprise, under these conditions a 8 mm thick 57Fe foil appeared to be only 1 mm thick, as illustrated in Fig.1. The microscopic mechanism for this unique behavior is still under investigation.

The 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc is one of the narrowest nuclear resonances known with a half width of 1.4 femto-eV. In several aspects this isotope is superior to the 8.3 eV 229mTh isomer for extreme metrology applications. The scientific potential of the 45Sc resonance together with the possibility to resonantly excite it by photons from modern accelerator-based hard x-ray sources was identified more than 30 years ago [3]. However, it escaped detection until now, mostly due to the lack of hard x-ray sources with sufficient spectral flux. In this experiment the nuclear resonance of 45Sc was successfully observed by irradiation of a Sc metal foil with 12.4-keV x-ray pulses of sub-millisecond duration and detection of the 4 keV delayed K-fluorescence that followed internal nuclear conversion. The resonance energy, which was known before the experiment to an uncertainty of +/- 50 eV only was determined with sub-eV accuracy. Our results set the stage for further studies of this isotope with promising applications in fundamental physics and extreme metrology.

Both experiments greatly benefitted from the high pulse repetition rate in conjunction with hard x-ray self-seeding (HXRSS) at the respective nuclear resonance energies, providing the spectral flux for efficient nuclear resonance excitation. A unique pulse pattern will be extremely beneficial for future studies at the 45Sc resonance, in particular for the analysis of hyperfine interactions via nuclear forward scattering.

References

* Multiphoton Collective Lamb Shift
[1] E. Gerdau et al., Nuclear Bragg diffraction of synchrotron radiation in yttrium iron garnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 835 (1985).
[2] A. I. Chumakov et al., Superradiance of an ensemble of nuclei excited by a free electron laser, Nature Physics 14, 261 (2018).
[3] Yu. V. Shvyd’ko and G. V. Smirnov, On the direct measurement of nuclear resonance parameters of long-lived (>=1s) isomers. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 51, 452 (1990).

News and Announcements

Semiannual Meeting of the HI Jena

We kindly invite you to the Helmholtz Institute Jena semiannual palaver. The detailed agenda can be found here. Zoom link: 670 9407 9947
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Team of the Helmholtz Institute Jena one of the winners at the DIHP Elevator Pitch 2023

Five teams awarded at the Ideas Pitch 2023 at the "Digital Innovation Hub Photonics" (DIHP)  To support start-ups and fresh ideas in the field of optics and photonics:…
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Robert Klas is awarded Hugo Geiger Prize 2023

Dr. Robert Klas, from Helmholtz Institute Jena and Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, has received this year’s “Hugo Geiger Award…
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10th Joint RS-APS & HGS-HIRe Lecture Week on APPA Research at FAIR

At the end of February 2023 the Research School of Advanced Photon Science (RS-APS) of the Helmholtz Institute Jena organized already its 10th edition of its “Joint…
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Upcoming events

Upcoming events

DateTitleLocation

Recently finished theses

Riedel, R.
Pulse Metrology Tool and Burst-Mode Laser Amplifier for the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg
Universität Hamburg; Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften
December 2013
File:https://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/handle/ediss/5213
Ecker, B.
Entwicklung kohärenter Lichtquellen im XUV-Regime
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
November 2013
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-1781
Hahn, C.
Energie- und polarisationssensitiver Nachweis harter Röntgenstrahlung an Hochintensitätslasern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_msc.pdf
Geithner, R.
Optimierung eines kryogenen Stromkomparators für den Einsatz als Strahlmonitor
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00023556
Rathje, T.
Photodissoziation des Wasserstoffmolekülions durch Einzelzyklenlaserpulse
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/trathje_phd.pdf
Seegert, N.
Quantum Reflection at Strong Magnetic Fields
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/nseegert_msc.pdf
Herdrich, M. O.
Ionisationsquerschnitte von Uranionen in Speicherringen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mherdrich_bsc.pdf
Müller, R. A.
Angular and Polarisation Properties of Bremsstrahlung Radiation in the Short-Wavelength Limit
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
August 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/rmueller_bsc.pdf
Blinne, A.
Paarproduktion in rotierenden elektrischen Feldern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
March 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/ablinne_msc.pdf
Kienel, M.
Passive Coherent Beam Combining of Temporally Cascaded Pulses
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
January 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mkienel_msc.pdf
Lötzsch, R.
Bent crystal X-ray optics for the diagnosis and applications of laser-produced plasmas
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
November 2012
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00022009
Aurand, B.
Untersuchungen zu Mechanismen der Laser-Teilchenbeschleunigung
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
June 2012
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-2060
Fuchs, S.
Optische Kohärenztomografie mit kurzen Wellenlängen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
April 2012
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/sfuchs_dip.pdf
Märtin, R.
Röntgenpolarimetrie angewandt zur Untersuchung der Bremsstrahlung spinpolarisierter Elektronen
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie
September 2011
File:http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/12675/
Hahn, C.
Charakterisierung ortsauflösender Halbleiterdetektoren für harte Röntgenstrahlung
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_bsc.pdf
Reuter, M.
Interferometric Probing of Laser Generated Plasmas for Electron Acceleration
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
July 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mreuter_dip.pdf

Recent publications

Atanasov, D. R.; Winckler, N.; Balabanski, D.; Batist, L.; Bosch, F.; Boutin, D.; Brandau, C.; Dimopoulou, C.; Essel, H. G.; Fästermann, T.; Geissel, H.; Hachiuma, I.; Hess, S.; Izumikawa, T.; Kienle, P.; Knöbel, R.; Kozhuharov, C.; Kurcewicz, J.; Kuzminchuk, N.; Litvinov, S. A.; Litvinov, Yu. A.; Mao, R. S.; Märtin, R.; Mazzocco, M.; Münzenberg, G.; Namihira, K.; Nolden, F.; Ohtsubo, T.; Patyk, Z.; Reuschl, R.; Sanjari, M. S.; Scheidenberger, C.; Shubina, D.; Spillmann, U.; Steck, M.; Stöhlker, T.; Sun, B.; Suzuki, T.; Trassinelli, M.; Tupitsyn, I. I.; Weick, H.; Winkler, M.; Winters, D. F. A.; Yamaguchi, T.
Half-life measurements of stored fully ionized and hydrogen-like I-122 ions
European Physical Journal A, 48 :22
February 2012
DOI:10.1140/epja/i2012-12022-9
Eyring, S.; Kern, C.; Zürch, M.; Spielmann, C.
Improving high-order harmonic yield using wavefront-controlled ultrashort laser pulses
Optics Express, 20 :5601
February 2012
DOI:10.1364/OE.20.005601
Schulz, M.; Riedel, R.; Willner, A.; Duesterer, S.; Prandolini, M. J.; Feldhaus, J.; Faatz, B.; Rossbach, J.; Drescher, M.; Tavella, F.
Pulsed operation of a high average power Yb:YAG thin-disk multipass amplifier
Optics Express, 20 :5038
February 2012
DOI:10.1364/OE.20.005038
Jansen, F.; Stutzki, F.; Otto, H.-J.; Eidam, T.; Liem, A.; Jauregui, C.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Thermally induced waveguide changes in active fibers
Optics Express, 20 :3997
February 2012
DOI:10.1364/OE.20.003997
Jansen, K.; Karbstein, F.; Nagy, A.; Wagner, M.
Lambda_MS from the static potential for QCD with n_f=2 dynamical quark flavors
Journal of High Energy Physics, 025 :1
January 2012
DOI:10.1007/JHEP01(2012)025
Jauregui, C.; Eidam, T.; Otto, H.-J.; Stutzki, F.; Jansen, F.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Temperature-induced index gratings and their impact on mode instabilities in high-power fiber laser systems
Optics Express, 20 :440
January 2012
DOI:10.1364/OE.20.000440
Rothhardt, J.; Hädrich, S.; Carstens, H.; Herrick, N.; Demmler, S.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
1 MHz repetition rate hollow fiber pulse compression to sub-100-fs duration at 100 W average power
Optics Letters, 36 :4605
December 2011
DOI:10.1364/OL.36.004605
Klenke, A.; Seise, E.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Basic considerations on coherent combining of ultrashort laser pulses
Optics Express, 19 :25379
December 2011
DOI:10.1364/OE.19.025379
Shvetsov-Shilovski, N. I.; Sayler, A. M.; Rathje, T.; Paulus, G.G.
Carrier-envelope phase effect in the yield of sequential ionization by an intense few-cycle laser pulse
New Journal of Physics, 13 :123015
December 2011
DOI:10.1088/1367-2630/13/12/123015
Grech, M.; Skupin, S.; Diaw, A.; Schlegel, T.; Tikhonchuk, V. T.
Energy dispersion in radiation pressure accelerated ion beams
New Journal of Physics, 13 :123003
December 2011
DOI:10.1088/1367-2630/13/12/123003
Stutzki, F.; Otto, H.; Jansen, F.; Gaida, C.; Jauregui, C.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
High-speed modal decomposition of mode instabilities in high-power fiber lasers
Optics Letters, 36 :4572
December 2011
DOI:10.1364/OL.36.004572
Klenke, A.; Seise, E.; Demmler, S.; Rothhardt, J.; Breitkopf, S.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Coherently-combined two channel femtosecond fiber CPA system producing 3 mJ pulse energy
Optics Express, 19 :24280
November 2011
DOI:10.1364/OE.19.024280
Willner, A.; Tavella, F.; Yeung, M.; Dzelzainis, T.; Kamperidis, C.; Bakarezos, M.; Adams, D.; Riedel, R.; Schulz, M.; Hoffmann, M. C.; Hu, W.; Rossbach, J.; Drescher, M.; Yakovlev, V. S.; Papadogiannis, N. A.; Tatarakis, M.; Dromey, B.; Zepf, M.
Efficient control of quantum paths via dual-gas high harmonic generation
New Journal of Physics, 13 :113001
November 2011
DOI:10.1088/1367-2630/13/11/113001
Petridis, N.; Kalinin, A.; Popp, U.; Gostishchev, V.; Litvinov, Y.; Dimopoulou, C.; Nolden, F.; Steck, M.; Kozhuharov, C.; Thorn, D. B.; Gumberidze, A.; Trotsenko, S.; Hagmann, S.; Spillmann, U.; Winters, D. F. A.; Dörner, R.; Stöhlker, T.; Grisenti, R. E.
Energy loss and cooling of relativistic highly charged uranium ions interacting with an internal hydrogen droplet target beam
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 656 :1
November 2011
DOI:10.1016/j.nima.2011.07.035
Maiorova, A. V.; Shabaev, V. M.; Volotka, A. V.; Zaytsev, V. A.; Plunien, G.; Stöhlker, T.
Parity nonconservation effect in resonance recombination of polarized electrons with heavy hydrogen-like ions
Journal of Physics B, 44 :225003
November 2011
DOI:10.1088/0953-4075/44/22/225003
Willingale, L.; Thomas, A. G. R.; Nilson, P. M.; Kaluza, M.C.; Bandyopadhyay, S.; Dangor, A. E.; Evans, R. G.; Fernandes, P.; Haines, M. G.; Kamperidis, C.; Kingham, R. J.; Minardi, S.; Notley, M.; Ridgers, C. P.; Rozmus, W.; Sherlock, M.; Tatarakis, M.; Wei, M. S.; Najmudin, Z.; Krushelnick, K.
Proton probe measurement of fast advection of magnetic fields by hot electrons
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 53 :124026
November 2011
DOI:10.1088/0741-3335/53/12/124026
Seise, E.; Klenke, A.; Breitkopf, S.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
88 W 0.5 mJ femtosecond laser pulses from two coherently combined fiber amplifiers
Optics Letters, 36 :3858
October 2011
DOI:10.1364/OL.36.003858
Willner, A.; Tavella, F.; Yeung, M.; Dzelzainis, T.; Kamperidis, C.; Bakarezos, M.; Adams, D.; Schulz, M.; Riedel, R.; Hoffmann, M. C.; Hu, W.; Rossbach, J.; Drescher, M.; Papadogiannis, N. A.; Tatarakis, M.; Dromey, B.; Zepf, M.
Coherent Control of High Harmonic Generation via Dual-Gas Multijet Arrays
Physical Review Letters, 107 :175002
October 2011
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.175002
Khan, S.; Cheng, Y.; Möller, M.; Zhao, K.; Zhao, B.; Chini, M.; Paulus, G.; Chang, Z.
Ellipticity dependence of 400 nm-driven high harmonic generation
Applied Physics Letters, 99 :161106
October 2011
DOI:10.1063/1.3653277
Demmler, S.; Rothhardt, J.; Heidt, A. M.; Hartung, A.; Rohwer, E. G.; Bartelt, H.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Generation of high quality, 1.3 cycle pulses by active phase control of an octave spanning supercontinuum
Optics Express, 19 :20151
October 2011
DOI:10.1364/OE.19.020151
Zastrau, U.; Hilbert, V.; Brown, C.; Döppner, T.; Dziarzhytski, S.; Förster, E.; Glenzer, S. H.; Göde, S.; Gregori, G.; Harmand, M.; Hochhaus, D.; Laarmann, T.; Lee, H. J.; Meiwes-Brör, K. -H.; Neumayer, P.; Przystawik, A.; Radcliffe, P.; Schulz, M.; Skruszewicz, S.; Tavella, F.; Tiggesbaeumker, J.; Toleikis, S.; White, T.
In-situ determination of dispersion and resolving power in simultaneous multiple-angle XUV spectroscopy
Journal of Instrumentation, 6 :P10001
October 2011
DOI:10.1088/1748-0221/6/10/P10001
Aurand, B.; Seres, J.; Bagnoud, V.; Ecker, B.; Hochhaus, D. C.; Neumayer, P.; Seres, E.; Spielmann, C.; Zielbauer, B.; Zimmer, D.; Kühl, T.
Laser driven X-ray parametric amplification in neutral gases-a new brilliant light source in the XUV
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 653 :130
October 2011
DOI:10.1016/j.nima.2010.12.208
Ros, D.; Cassou, K.; Cros, B.; Daboussi, S.; Demailly, J.; Guilbaud, O.; Kazamias, S.; Lagron, J.-C.; Maynard, G.; Neveu, O.; Pittman, M.; Zielbauer, B.; Zimmer, D.; Kühl, T.; Lacombe, S.; Porcel, E.; Penhoat, M.-A. d.; Zeitoun, P.; Mourou, G.
LASERIX: An open facility for developments of EUV and soft X-ray lasers and applications—Developments of XUV sources using high power laser facilities: ILE, ELI
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 653 :76
October 2011
DOI:10.1016/j.nima.2011.01.109
Gumberidze, A.; Fritzsche, S.; Hagmann, S.; Kozhuharov, C.; Ma, X.; Steck, M.; Surzhykov, A.; Warczak, A.; Stöhlker, T.
Magnetic-sublevel population and alignment for the excitation of H- and He-like uranium in relativistic collisions
Physical Review A, 84 :042710
October 2011
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.84.042710
Hebenstreit, F.; Alkofer, R.; Gies, H.
Particle Self-Bunching in the Schwinger Effect in Spacetime-Dependent Electric Fields
Physical Review Letters, 107 :180403
October 2011
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.180403
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