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Dear colleagues and friends of the HI-Jena,

we are glad to provide you with the March 2023 issue of the newsletter of the Helmholtz Institute Jena.
Below you find informations and news about recent activities of our institute.

Kind Regards,
Helmholtz Institute Jena

New Regimes of Nuclear Resonance Excitation: First Experiments at the European XFEL

Ralf Röhlsberger for the MCLS* collaboration and for the 45Sc collaboration

The nuclear resonances of Mössbauer isotopes provide extremely narrow energy references for high-resolution spectroscopy. This qualifies them for applications in condensed matter physics as well as for studies in fundamental physics and extreme metrology. Since the pioneering experiment by E. Gerdau et al. [1] at the storage ring DORIS (DESY, Hamburg), the technique of nuclear resonance scattering has found widespread applications at hard X-ray synchrotron radiation sources worldwide. Its implementation and use at hard X-ray laser sources started with one experiment performed at SACLA in Japan reported so far [2].

In 2022 we could perform the first experiments on nuclear resonance scattering at the European XFEL. One study was conducted at the 14.4 keV resonance of 57Fe aiming at applications in x-ray quantum optics in a collaboration with researchers from Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, the Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, the University of Freiburg and DESY. The other experiment, initiated by researchers from Argonne National Laboratory and Texas A&M University in College Station, USA, succeeded to achieve the first photonic excitation of the ultranarrow 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc for future applications in extreme metrology.

Employing the 14.4 keV nuclear resonance of 57Fe we aimed at the realization of multiphoton excitation in forward scattering from an ensemble of Mössbauer nuclei. Due to the radiative coupling between the nuclei in the ensemble, an enhanced decay rate (superradiance, SR) and collective energy shifts (collective Lamb shift, CLS) appear as characteristic signatures in the scattered light. So far, SR and CLS have been extensively studied in the single-photon excitation regime at synchrotrons. Here we were aiming to reveal the spectral properties of the nuclear exciton under multiphoton excitation conditions, especially with the goal to determine the CLS as function of the number of photons that resonantly excite the nuclear ensemble. So far, the spectral properties under multiphoton excitation conditions have neither been approached theoretically nor experimentally. Our experiment in 2022 was mainly devoted to reliably detect the nuclear forward scattering signal in the presence of the extremely intense radiation pulses of the European XFEL. To our great surprise, under these conditions a 8 mm thick 57Fe foil appeared to be only 1 mm thick, as illustrated in Fig.1. The microscopic mechanism for this unique behavior is still under investigation.

The 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc is one of the narrowest nuclear resonances known with a half width of 1.4 femto-eV. In several aspects this isotope is superior to the 8.3 eV 229mTh isomer for extreme metrology applications. The scientific potential of the 45Sc resonance together with the possibility to resonantly excite it by photons from modern accelerator-based hard x-ray sources was identified more than 30 years ago [3]. However, it escaped detection until now, mostly due to the lack of hard x-ray sources with sufficient spectral flux. In this experiment the nuclear resonance of 45Sc was successfully observed by irradiation of a Sc metal foil with 12.4-keV x-ray pulses of sub-millisecond duration and detection of the 4 keV delayed K-fluorescence that followed internal nuclear conversion. The resonance energy, which was known before the experiment to an uncertainty of +/- 50 eV only was determined with sub-eV accuracy. Our results set the stage for further studies of this isotope with promising applications in fundamental physics and extreme metrology.

Both experiments greatly benefitted from the high pulse repetition rate in conjunction with hard x-ray self-seeding (HXRSS) at the respective nuclear resonance energies, providing the spectral flux for efficient nuclear resonance excitation. A unique pulse pattern will be extremely beneficial for future studies at the 45Sc resonance, in particular for the analysis of hyperfine interactions via nuclear forward scattering.

References

* Multiphoton Collective Lamb Shift
[1] E. Gerdau et al., Nuclear Bragg diffraction of synchrotron radiation in yttrium iron garnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 835 (1985).
[2] A. I. Chumakov et al., Superradiance of an ensemble of nuclei excited by a free electron laser, Nature Physics 14, 261 (2018).
[3] Yu. V. Shvyd’ko and G. V. Smirnov, On the direct measurement of nuclear resonance parameters of long-lived (>=1s) isomers. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 51, 452 (1990).

News and Announcements

Semiannual Meeting of the HI Jena

We kindly invite you to the Helmholtz Institute Jena semiannual palaver. The detailed agenda can be found here. Zoom link: 670 9407 9947
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Team of the Helmholtz Institute Jena one of the winners at the DIHP Elevator Pitch 2023

Five teams awarded at the Ideas Pitch 2023 at the "Digital Innovation Hub Photonics" (DIHP)  To support start-ups and fresh ideas in the field of optics and photonics:…
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Robert Klas is awarded Hugo Geiger Prize 2023

Dr. Robert Klas, from Helmholtz Institute Jena and Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, has received this year’s “Hugo Geiger Award…
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10th Joint RS-APS & HGS-HIRe Lecture Week on APPA Research at FAIR

At the end of February 2023 the Research School of Advanced Photon Science (RS-APS) of the Helmholtz Institute Jena organized already its 10th edition of its “Joint…
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Upcoming events

Upcoming events

DateTitleLocation

Recently finished theses

Riedel, R.
Pulse Metrology Tool and Burst-Mode Laser Amplifier for the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg
Universität Hamburg; Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften
December 2013
File:https://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/handle/ediss/5213
Ecker, B.
Entwicklung kohärenter Lichtquellen im XUV-Regime
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
November 2013
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-1781
Hahn, C.
Energie- und polarisationssensitiver Nachweis harter Röntgenstrahlung an Hochintensitätslasern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_msc.pdf
Geithner, R.
Optimierung eines kryogenen Stromkomparators für den Einsatz als Strahlmonitor
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00023556
Rathje, T.
Photodissoziation des Wasserstoffmolekülions durch Einzelzyklenlaserpulse
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/trathje_phd.pdf
Seegert, N.
Quantum Reflection at Strong Magnetic Fields
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/nseegert_msc.pdf
Herdrich, M. O.
Ionisationsquerschnitte von Uranionen in Speicherringen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mherdrich_bsc.pdf
Müller, R. A.
Angular and Polarisation Properties of Bremsstrahlung Radiation in the Short-Wavelength Limit
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
August 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/rmueller_bsc.pdf
Blinne, A.
Paarproduktion in rotierenden elektrischen Feldern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
March 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/ablinne_msc.pdf
Kienel, M.
Passive Coherent Beam Combining of Temporally Cascaded Pulses
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
January 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mkienel_msc.pdf
Lötzsch, R.
Bent crystal X-ray optics for the diagnosis and applications of laser-produced plasmas
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
November 2012
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00022009
Aurand, B.
Untersuchungen zu Mechanismen der Laser-Teilchenbeschleunigung
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
June 2012
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-2060
Fuchs, S.
Optische Kohärenztomografie mit kurzen Wellenlängen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
April 2012
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/sfuchs_dip.pdf
Märtin, R.
Röntgenpolarimetrie angewandt zur Untersuchung der Bremsstrahlung spinpolarisierter Elektronen
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie
September 2011
File:http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/12675/
Hahn, C.
Charakterisierung ortsauflösender Halbleiterdetektoren für harte Röntgenstrahlung
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_bsc.pdf
Reuter, M.
Interferometric Probing of Laser Generated Plasmas for Electron Acceleration
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
July 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mreuter_dip.pdf

Recent publications

Drągowski, M.; Wlodarczyk, M.; Weber, G.; Ciborowski, J.; Enders, J.; Fritzsche, Y.; Poliszczuk, A.
Monte Carlo study of the effective Sherman function for electron polarimetry
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 389 :48
December 2016
DOI:10.1016/j.nimb.2016.11.018
Filippin, L.; Beerwerth, R.; Ekman, J.; Fritzsche, S.; Godefroid, M.; Jönsson, P.
Multiconfiguration calculations of electronic isotope shift factors in Al I
Physical Review A, 94 :062508
December 2016
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.94.062508
Volotka, A. V.; Surzhykov, A.; Trotsenko, S.; Plunien, G.; Stöhlker, T.; Fritzsche, S.
Nuclear Excitation by Two-Photon Electron Transition
Physical Review Letters, 117 :243001
December 2016
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.243001
Saule, T.; Holzberger, S.; de Vries, O.; Plötner, M.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.; Pupeza, I.
Phase-stable, multi-textmuJ femtosecond pulses from a repetition-rate tunable Ti:Sa-oscillator-seeded Yb-fiber amplifier
Applied Physics B, 123 :17
December 2016
DOI:10.1007/s00340-016-6611-9
Hofbrucker, J.; Volotka, A. V.; Fritzsche, S.
Relativistic calculations of the nonresonant two-photon ionization of neutral atoms
Physical Review A, 94 :063412
December 2016
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.94.063412
Hornung, M.; Liebetrau, H.; Keppler, S.; Kessler, A.; Hellwing, M.; Schorcht, F.; Becker, G. A.; Reuter, M.; Polz, J.; Körner, J.; Hein, J.; Kaluza, M.C.
54  J pulses with 18  nm bandwidth from a diode-pumped chirped-pulse amplification laser system
Optics Letters, 41 :5413
November 2016
DOI:10.1364/OL.41.005413
Heylen, H.; Babcock, C.; Beerwerth, R.; Billowes, J.; Bissell, M. L.; Blaum, K.; Bonnard, J.; Campbell, P.; Cheal, B.; Day Goodacre, T.; Fedorov, D.; Fritzsche, S.; Garcia Ruiz, R. F.; Geithner, W.; Geppert, Ch.; Gins, W.; Grob, L. K.; Kowalska, M.; Kreim, K.; Lenzi, S. M.; Moore, I. D.; Maass, B.; Malbrunot-Ettenauer, S.; Marsh, B.; Neugart, R.; Neyens, G.; Nörtershäuser, W.; Otsuka, T.; Papuga, J.; Rossel, R.; Rothe, S.; Sanchez, R.; Tsunoda, Y.; Wraith, C.; Xie, L.; Yang, X. F.; Yordanov, D. T.
Changes in nuclear structure along the Mn isotopic chain studied via charge radii
Physical Review C, 94 :054321
November 2016
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevC.94.054321
Körner, J.; Hein, J.; Kaluza, M.
Compact Aberration-Free Relay-Imaging Multi-Pass Layouts for High-Energy Laser Amplifiers
Applied Sciences, 6 :353
November 2016
DOI:10.3390/app6110353
Tadesse, G. K.; Klas, R.; Demmler, S.; Hädrich, S.; Wahyutama, I.; Steinert, M.; Spielmann, C.; Zürch, M.; Pertsch, T.; Tünnermann, A.; Limpert, J.; Rothhardt, J.
High speed and high resolution table-top nanoscale imaging
Optics Letters, 41 :5170
November 2016
DOI:10.1364/OL.41.005170
Li, H.; Tong, X. M.; Schirmel, N.; Urbasch, G.; Betsch, K. J.; Zherebtsov, S.; Süssmann, F.; Kessel, A.; Trushin, S. A.; Paulus, G.G.; Weitzel, K.-M.; Kling, M. F.
Intensity dependence of the dissociative ionization of DCl in few-cycle laser fields
Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 49 :015601
November 2016
File:http://stacks.iop.org/0953-4075/49/i=1/a=015601
Fernandes, M.; Geithner, R.; Golm, J.; Neubert, R.; Schwickert, M.; Stöhlker, T.; Tan, J.; Welsch, C. P.
Non-perturbative measurement of low-intensity charged particle beams
Superconductor Science and Technology, 30 :015001
November 2016
DOI:10.1088/0953-2048/30/1/015001
File:http://stacks.iop.org/0953-2048/30/i=1/a=015001
Blumenhagen, K.-H.; Fritzsche, S.; Gassner, T.; Gumberidze, A.; Märtin, R.; Schell, N.; Seipt, D.; Spillmann, U.; Surzhykov, A.; Trotsenko, S.; Weber, G.; Yerokhin, V. A.; Stöhlker, T.
Polarization transfer in Rayleigh scattering of hard x-rays
New Journal of Physics, 18 :103034
November 2016
File:http://stacks.iop.org/1367-2630/18/i=10/a=103034
Klas, R.; Demmler, S.; Tschernajew, M.; Hädrich, S.; Shamir, Y.; Tünnermann, A.; Rothhardt, J.; Limpert, J.
Table-top milliwatt-class extreme ultraviolet high harmonic light source
Optica, 3 :1167
November 2016
DOI:10.1364/OPTICA.3.001167
Seipt, D.; Müller, R. A.; Surzhykov, A.; Fritzsche, S.
Two-color above-threshold ionization of atoms and ions in XUV Bessel beams and intense laser light
Physical Review A, 94 :053420
November 2016
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.94.053420
Ivanov, I. P.; Seipt, D.; Surzhykov, A.; Fritzsche, S.
Elastic scattering of vortex electrons provides direct access to the Coulomb phase
Physical Review D, 94 :076001
October 2016
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.94.076001
Müller, R.; Seipt, D.; Beerwerth, R.; Ornigotti, M.; Szameit, A.; Fritzsche, S.; Surzhykov, A.
Photoionization of neutral atoms by X waves carrying orbital angular momentum
Physical Review A, 94 :041402
October 2016
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.94.041402
Schippers, S.; Beerwerth, R.; Abrok, L.; Bari, S.; Buhr, T.; Martins, M.; Ricz, S.; Viefhaus, J.; Fritzsche, S.; Müller, A.
Prominent role of multielectron processes in K-shell double and triple photodetachment of oxygen anions
Physical Review A, 94 :041401
October 2016
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.94.041401
Keppler, S.; Hornung, M.; Zimmermann, P.; Liebetrau, H.; Hellwing, M.; Hein, J.; Kaluza, M.C.
Tunable filters for precise spectral gain control in ultra-short-pulse laser systems
Optics Letters, 41 :4708
October 2016
DOI:10.1364/OL.41.004708
Ivanov, I. P.; Seipt, D.; Surzhykov, A.; Fritzsche, S.
Double-slit experiment in momentum space
Europhysics Letters, 115 :41001
September 2016
File:http://stacks.iop.org/0295-5075/115/i=4/a=41001
Yerokhin, V. A.; Buhmann, S. Y.; Fritzsche, S.; Surzhykov, A.
Electric dipole polarizabilities of Rydberg states of alkali-metal atoms
Physical Review A, 94 :032503
September 2016
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.94.032503
Hädrich, S.; Kienel, M.; Müller, M.; Klenke, A.; Rothhardt, J.; Klas, R.; Gottschall, T.; Eidam, T.; Drozdy, A.; Jójárt, P.; Várallyay, Z.; Cormier, E.; Osvay, K.; Tünnermann, A.; Limpert, J.
Energetic sub-2-cycle laser with 216 W average power
Optics Letters, 41 :4332
September 2016
DOI:10.1364/OL.41.004332
Tanikawa, T.; Hage, A.; Kuhlmann, M.; Gonschior, J.; Grunewald, S.; Plönjes, E.; Düsterer, S.; Brenner, G.; Dziarzhytski, S.; Braune, M.; Brachmanski, M.; Yin, Z.; Siewert, F.; Dzelzainis, T.; Dromey, B.; Prandolini, M.; Tavella, F.; Zepf, M.; Faatz, B.
First observation of SASE radiation using the compact wide-spectral-range XUV spectrometer at FLASH2
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 830 :170
September 2016
DOI:10.1016/j.nima.2016.05.088
Bernhardt, H.; Marx-Glowna, B.; Schulze, K.; Grabiger, B.; Haber, J.; Detlefs, C.; Lötzsch, R.; Kämpfer, T.; Röhlsberger, R.; Förster, E.; Stöhlker, T.; Uschmann, I.; Paulus, G.G.
High purity x-ray polarimetry with single-crystal diamonds
Applied Physics Letters, 109 :121106
September 2016
DOI:10.1063/1.4962806
Wahyutama, I. S.; Tadesse, G. K.; Tünnermann, A.; Limpert, J.; Rothhardt, J.
Influence of detector noise in holographic imaging with limited photon flux
Optics Express, 24 :22013
September 2016
DOI:10.1364/OE.24.022013
Lestinsky, M.; Andrianov, V.; Aurand, B.; Bagnoud, V.; Bernhardt, D.; Beyer, H.; Bishop, S.; Blaum, K.; Bleile, A.; Borovik, At.; Bosch, F.; Bostock, C.; Brandau, C.; Bräuning-Demian, A.; Bray, I.; Davinson, T.; Ebinger, B.; Echler, A.; Egelhof, P.; Ehresmann, A.; Engström, M.; Enss, C.; Ferreira, N.; Fischer, D.; Fleischmann, A.; Förster, E.; Fritzsche, S.; Geithner, R.; Geyer, S.; Glorius, J.; Göbel, K.; Gorda, O.; Goullon, J.; Grabitz, P.; Grisenti, R.; Gumberidze, A.; Hagmann, S.; Heil, M.; Heinz, A.; Herfurth, F.; Hess, R.; Hillenbrand, P.-M.; Hubele, R.; Indelicato, P.; Källberg, A.; Kester, O.; Kiselev, O.; Knie, A.; Kozhuharov, C.; Kraft-Bermuth, S.; Kühl, T.; Lane, G.; Litvinov, Y.; Liesen, D.; Ma, X.; Märtin, R.; Moshammer, R.; Müller, A.; Namba, S.; Neumayer, P.; Nilsson, T.; Nörtershäuser, W.; Paulus, G.G.; Petridis, N.; Reed, M.; Reifarth, R.; Reiß, P.; Rothhardt, J.; Sanchez, R.; Sanjari, M.; Schippers, S.; Schmidt, H.; Schneider, D.; Scholz, P.; Schuch, R.; Schulz, M.; Shabaev, V.; Simonsson, A.; Sjöholm, J.; Skeppstedt, Ö.; Sonnabend, K.; Spillmann, U.; Stiebing, K.; Steck, M.; Stöhlker, T.; Surzhykov, A.; Torilov, S.; Träbert, E.; Trassinelli, M.; Trotsenko, S.; Tu, X.; Uschmann, I.; Walker, P.; Weber, G.; Winters, D.; Woods, P.; Zhao, H.; Zhang, Y.
Physics book: CRYRING@ESR
European Physical Journal Special Topics, 225 :797
September 2016
DOI:10.1140/epjst/e2016-02643-6
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