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Dear colleagues and friends of the HI-Jena,

we are glad to provide you with the March 2023 issue of the newsletter of the Helmholtz Institute Jena.
Below you find informations and news about recent activities of our institute.

Kind Regards,
Helmholtz Institute Jena

New Regimes of Nuclear Resonance Excitation: First Experiments at the European XFEL

Ralf Röhlsberger for the MCLS* collaboration and for the 45Sc collaboration

The nuclear resonances of Mössbauer isotopes provide extremely narrow energy references for high-resolution spectroscopy. This qualifies them for applications in condensed matter physics as well as for studies in fundamental physics and extreme metrology. Since the pioneering experiment by E. Gerdau et al. [1] at the storage ring DORIS (DESY, Hamburg), the technique of nuclear resonance scattering has found widespread applications at hard X-ray synchrotron radiation sources worldwide. Its implementation and use at hard X-ray laser sources started with one experiment performed at SACLA in Japan reported so far [2].

In 2022 we could perform the first experiments on nuclear resonance scattering at the European XFEL. One study was conducted at the 14.4 keV resonance of 57Fe aiming at applications in x-ray quantum optics in a collaboration with researchers from Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, the Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, the University of Freiburg and DESY. The other experiment, initiated by researchers from Argonne National Laboratory and Texas A&M University in College Station, USA, succeeded to achieve the first photonic excitation of the ultranarrow 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc for future applications in extreme metrology.

Employing the 14.4 keV nuclear resonance of 57Fe we aimed at the realization of multiphoton excitation in forward scattering from an ensemble of Mössbauer nuclei. Due to the radiative coupling between the nuclei in the ensemble, an enhanced decay rate (superradiance, SR) and collective energy shifts (collective Lamb shift, CLS) appear as characteristic signatures in the scattered light. So far, SR and CLS have been extensively studied in the single-photon excitation regime at synchrotrons. Here we were aiming to reveal the spectral properties of the nuclear exciton under multiphoton excitation conditions, especially with the goal to determine the CLS as function of the number of photons that resonantly excite the nuclear ensemble. So far, the spectral properties under multiphoton excitation conditions have neither been approached theoretically nor experimentally. Our experiment in 2022 was mainly devoted to reliably detect the nuclear forward scattering signal in the presence of the extremely intense radiation pulses of the European XFEL. To our great surprise, under these conditions a 8 mm thick 57Fe foil appeared to be only 1 mm thick, as illustrated in Fig.1. The microscopic mechanism for this unique behavior is still under investigation.

The 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc is one of the narrowest nuclear resonances known with a half width of 1.4 femto-eV. In several aspects this isotope is superior to the 8.3 eV 229mTh isomer for extreme metrology applications. The scientific potential of the 45Sc resonance together with the possibility to resonantly excite it by photons from modern accelerator-based hard x-ray sources was identified more than 30 years ago [3]. However, it escaped detection until now, mostly due to the lack of hard x-ray sources with sufficient spectral flux. In this experiment the nuclear resonance of 45Sc was successfully observed by irradiation of a Sc metal foil with 12.4-keV x-ray pulses of sub-millisecond duration and detection of the 4 keV delayed K-fluorescence that followed internal nuclear conversion. The resonance energy, which was known before the experiment to an uncertainty of +/- 50 eV only was determined with sub-eV accuracy. Our results set the stage for further studies of this isotope with promising applications in fundamental physics and extreme metrology.

Both experiments greatly benefitted from the high pulse repetition rate in conjunction with hard x-ray self-seeding (HXRSS) at the respective nuclear resonance energies, providing the spectral flux for efficient nuclear resonance excitation. A unique pulse pattern will be extremely beneficial for future studies at the 45Sc resonance, in particular for the analysis of hyperfine interactions via nuclear forward scattering.

References

* Multiphoton Collective Lamb Shift
[1] E. Gerdau et al., Nuclear Bragg diffraction of synchrotron radiation in yttrium iron garnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 835 (1985).
[2] A. I. Chumakov et al., Superradiance of an ensemble of nuclei excited by a free electron laser, Nature Physics 14, 261 (2018).
[3] Yu. V. Shvyd’ko and G. V. Smirnov, On the direct measurement of nuclear resonance parameters of long-lived (>=1s) isomers. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 51, 452 (1990).

News and Announcements

Semiannual Meeting of the HI Jena

We kindly invite you to the Helmholtz Institute Jena semiannual palaver. The detailed agenda can be found here. Zoom link: 670 9407 9947
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Team of the Helmholtz Institute Jena one of the winners at the DIHP Elevator Pitch 2023

Five teams awarded at the Ideas Pitch 2023 at the "Digital Innovation Hub Photonics" (DIHP)  To support start-ups and fresh ideas in the field of optics and photonics:…
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Robert Klas is awarded Hugo Geiger Prize 2023

Dr. Robert Klas, from Helmholtz Institute Jena and Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, has received this year’s “Hugo Geiger Award…
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10th Joint RS-APS & HGS-HIRe Lecture Week on APPA Research at FAIR

At the end of February 2023 the Research School of Advanced Photon Science (RS-APS) of the Helmholtz Institute Jena organized already its 10th edition of its “Joint…
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Upcoming events

Upcoming events

DateTitleLocation

Recently finished theses

Märtin, R.
Röntgenpolarimetrie angewandt zur Untersuchung der Bremsstrahlung spinpolarisierter Elektronen
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie
September 2011
File:http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/12675/
Hahn, C.
Charakterisierung ortsauflösender Halbleiterdetektoren für harte Röntgenstrahlung
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_bsc.pdf
Reuter, M.
Interferometric Probing of Laser Generated Plasmas for Electron Acceleration
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
July 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mreuter_dip.pdf

Recent publications

Helfrich, J.; Vorberger, J.; Frydrych, S.; Schaumann, G.; Ravasio, A.; Gauthier, M.; Fletcher, L.; Nagler, B.; Barbrel, B.; Bachmann, B.; Gamboa, E.; Göde, S.; Granados, E.; Lee, H.; Neumayer, P.; Schumaker, W.; Döppner, T.; Falcone, R.; Glenzer, S.; Roth, M.; Kraus, D.
Investigation of the temperature in dense carbon near the solid-liquid phase transition between 100 GPa and 200 GPa with spectrally resolved X-ray scattering
High Energy Density Physics, 32 :56
July 2019
DOI:10.1016/j.hedp.2019.05.001
Kishon, I.; Kleinschmidt, A.; Schanz, V.; Tebartz, A.; Noam, O.; Fernandez, J.; Gautier, D.; Johnson, R.; Shimada, T.; Wurden, G.; Roth, M.; Pomerantz, I.
Laser based neutron spectroscopy
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 932 :27
July 2019
DOI:10.1016/j.nima.2019.04.062
Tamer, I.; Keppler, S.; Körner, J.; Hornung, M.; Hellwing, M.; Schorcht, F.; Hein, J.; Kaluza, M.
Modeling of the 3D spatio-temporal thermal profile of joule-class Yb³⁺-based laser amplifiers
High Power Laser Science and Engineering, 7 :E42
July 2019
DOI:10.1017/hpl.2019.32
Wu, D.; Yu, W.; Zhao, Y. T.; Hoffmann, D. H. H.; Fritzsche, S.; He, X. T.
Particle-in-cell simulation of transport and energy deposition of intense proton beams in solid-state materials
Physical Review E, 100 :013208
July 2019
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.100.013208
Kumar, S.; Quint, W.; Ringleb, S.; Safvan, C. P.; Stallkamp, N.; Stöhlker, T.; Vogel, M.
Properties of a cylindrical Penning trap with conical endcap openings
Physica Scripta, 94 :075401
July 2019
DOI:10.1088/1402-4896/ab0aaa
Volotka, A. V.; Bilal, M.; Beerwerth, R.; Ma, X.; Stöhlker, T.; Fritzsche, S.
QED radiative corrections to the ²P₁/₂-²P₃/₂ fine structure in fluorinelike ions
Physical Review A, 100 :010502
July 2019
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.100.010502
Creutzburg, S.; Schmidt, E.; Kutza, P.; Loetzsch, R.; Uschmann, I.; Undisz, A.; Rettenmayr, M.; Gala, F.; Zollo, G.; Boulle, A.; Debelle, A.; Wendler, E.
Defects and mechanical properties in weakly damaged Si ion implanted GaAs
Physical Review B, 99 :245205
June 2019
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevB.99.245205
Bondarev, A.; Kozhedub, Y.; Tupitsyn, I.; Shabaev, V.; Plunien, G.; Stöhlker, T.
Differential cross sections for ionization of atomic hydrogen by antiprotons
Hyperfine Interactions, 240 :60
June 2019
DOI:10.1007/s10751-019-1562-2
Wu, D.; Yu, W.; Fritzsche, S.; Zheng, C. Y.; He, X. T.
Formation of relativistic electromagnetic solitons in over-dense plasmas
Physics of Plasmas, 26 :063107
June 2019
DOI:10.1063/1.5109799
Arapoglou, I.; Egl, A.; Höcker, M.; Sailer, T.; Tu, B.; Weigel, A.; Wolf, R.; Cakir, H.; Yerokhin, V. A.; Oreshkina, N. S.; Agababaev, V. A.; Volotka, A. V.; Zinenko, D. V.; Glazov, D. A.; Harman, Z.; Keitel, C. H.; Sturm, S.; Blaum, K.
g Factor of Boronlike Argon ⁴⁰Ar¹³⁺
Physical Review Letters, 122 :253001
June 2019
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.253001
Placzek, W.; Abramov, A.; Alden, S.; Alemany Fernandez, R.; Antsiferov, P.; Apyan, A.; Bartosik, H.; Bessonov, E.; Biancacci, N.; Bieron, J.; Bogacz, A.; Bosco, A.; Bruce, R.; Budker, D.; Cassou, K.; Castelli, F.; Chaikovska, I.; Curatolo, C.; Czodrowski, P.; Derevianko, A.; Dupraz, K.; Dutheil, Y.; Dzierzcega, K.; Fedosseev, V.; Fuster Martinez, N.; Gibson, S.; Goddard, B.; Gorzawski, A.; Hirlander, S.; Jowett, J.; Kersevan, R.; Kowalska, M.; Krasny, M.; Kroeger, F.; Lamont, M.; Lefevre, T.; Manglunki, D.; Marsh, B.; Martens, A.; Molson, J.; Nutarelli, D.; Nevay, L.; Petrenko, A.; Petrillo, V.; Radaelli, S.; Pustelny, S.; Rochester, S.; Sapinski, M.; Schaumann, M.; Serafini, L.; Shevelko, V.; Stoehlker, T.; Surzhikov, A.; Tolstikhina, I.; Velotti, F.; Weber, G.; Wu, Y.; Yin-Vallgren, C.; Zanetti, M.; Zimmermann, F.; Zolotorev, M.; Zomer, F.
Gamma Factory at CERN - Novel Research Tools Made of Light
Acta Physica Polonica B, 50 :1191
June 2019
DOI:10.5506/APhysPolB.50.1191
Glazov, D. A.; Volotka, A. V.; Andreev, O. V.; Kosheleva, V. P.; Fritzsche, S.; Shabaev, V. M.; Plunien, G.; Stöhlker, T.
Ground-state hyperfine splitting of B-like ions in the high-Z region
Physical Review A, 99 :062503
June 2019
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.99.062503
Bilal, M.; Volotka, A. V.; Beerwerth, R.; Rothhardt, J.; Hilbert, V.; Fritzsche, S.
High-precision calculations of the 1s²2s2p ¹P₁->1s²2s² ¹S₀ spin-allowed E1 transition in C iii
Physical Review A, 99 :062511
June 2019
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.99.062511
Dabelow, L.; Gies, H.; Knorr, B.
Momentum dependence of quantum critical Dirac systems
Physical Review D, 99 :125019
June 2019
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.99.125019
Gierschke, P.; Jauregui, C.; Gottschall, T.; Limpert, J.
Relative amplitude noise transfer function of an Yb3+-doped fiber amplifier chain
Optics Express, 27 :17041
June 2019
DOI:10.1364/OE.27.017041
Gies, H.; Sondenheimer, R.; Ugolotti, A.; Zambelli, L.
Scheme dependence of asymptotically free solutions
The European Physical Journal C, 79 :463
June 2019
DOI:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6956-4
Karbstein, F.
All-Loop Result for the Strong Magnetic Field Limit of the Heisenberg-Euler Effective Lagrangian
Physical Review Letters, 122 :211602
May 2019
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.211602
Barzakh, A. E.; Cubiss, J. G.; Andreyev, A. N.; Seliverstov, M. D.; Andel, B.; Antalic, S.; Ascher, P.; Atanasov, D.; Beck, D.; Bieron, J.; Blaum, K.; Borgmann, Ch.; Breitenfeldt, M.; Capponi, L.; Cocolios, T. E.; Day Goodacre, T.; Derkx, X.; De Witte, H.; Elseviers, J.; Fedorov, D. V.; Fedosseev, V. N.; Fritzsche, S.; Gaffney, L. P.; George, S.; Ghys, L.; Heßberger, F. P.; Huyse, M.; Imai, N.; Kalaninová, Z.; Kisler, D.; Köster, U.; Kowalska, M.; Kreim, S.; Lane, J. F. W.; Liberati, V.; Lunney, D.; Lynch, K. M.; Manea, V.; Marsh, B. A.; Mitsuoka, S.; Molkanov, P. L.; Nagame, Y.; Neidherr, D.; Nishio, K.; Ota, S.; Pauwels, D.; Popescu, L.; Radulov, D.; Rapisarda, E.; Revill, J. P.; Rosenbusch, M.; Rossel, R. E.; Rothe, S.; Sandhu, K.; Schweikhard, L.; Sels, S.; Truesdale, V. L.; Van Beveren, C.; Van den Bergh, P.; Van Duppen, P.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Wendt, K. D. A.; Wienholtz, F.; Whitmore, B. W.; Wilson, G. L.; Wolf, R. N.; Zuber, K.
Inverse odd-even staggering in nuclear charge radii and possible octupole collectivity in ²¹⁷,²¹⁸,²¹⁹At revealed by in-source laser spectroscopy
Physical Review C, 99 :054317
May 2019
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevC.99.054317
Böning, B.; Paufler, W.; Fritzsche, S.
Nondipole strong-field approximation for spatially structured laser fields
Physical Review A, 99 :053404
May 2019
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.99.053404
Seipt, D.; Kharin, V.; Rykovanov, S.
Optimizing Laser Pulses for Narrow-Band Inverse Compton Sources in the High-Intensity Regime
Physical Review Letters, 122 :204802
May 2019
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.204802
Torgrimsson, G.
Perturbative methods for assisted nonperturbative pair production
Physical Review D, 99 :096002
May 2019
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.99.096002
Vockert, M.; Weber, G.; Bräuning, H.; Surzhykov, A.; Brandau, C.; Fritzsche, S.; Geyer, S.; Hagmann, S.; Hess, S.; Kozhuharov, C.; Märtin, R.; Petridis, N.; Hess, R.; Trotsenko, S.; Litvinov, Yu. A.; Glorius, J.; Gumberidze, A.; Steck, M.; Litvinov, S.; Gassner, T.; Hillenbrand, P.-M.; Lestinsky, M.; Nolden, F.; Sanjari, M. S.; Popp, U.; Trageser, C.; Winters, D. F. A.; Spillmann, U.; Krings, T.; Stöhlker, T.
Radiative electron capture as a tunable source of highly linearly polarized x rays
Physical Review A, 99 :052702
May 2019
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.99.052702
Samsonova, Z.; Höfer, S.; Kaymak, V.; Ališauskas, S.; Shumakova, V.; Pugžlys, A.; Baltuska, A.; Siefke, T.; Kroker, S.; Pukhov, A.; Rosmej, O.; Uschmann, I.; Spielmann, C.; Kartashov, D.
Relativistic Interaction of Long-Wavelength Ultrashort Laser Pulses with Nanowires
Physical Review X, 9 :021029
May 2019
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevX.9.021029
Hollinger, R.; Gupta, D.; Zapf, M.; Röder, R.; Kartashov, D.; Ronning, C.; Spielmann, C.
Single nanowire defined emission properties of ZnO nanowire arrays
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 52 :295101
May 2019
DOI:10.1088/1361-6463/ab1a92
Kohlfürst, C.
Spin states in multiphoton pair production for circularly polarized light
Physical Review D, 99 :096017
May 2019
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.99.096017
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