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Dear colleagues and friends of the HI-Jena,

we are glad to provide you with the March 2023 issue of the newsletter of the Helmholtz Institute Jena.
Below you find informations and news about recent activities of our institute.

Kind Regards,
Helmholtz Institute Jena

New Regimes of Nuclear Resonance Excitation: First Experiments at the European XFEL

Ralf Röhlsberger for the MCLS* collaboration and for the 45Sc collaboration

The nuclear resonances of Mössbauer isotopes provide extremely narrow energy references for high-resolution spectroscopy. This qualifies them for applications in condensed matter physics as well as for studies in fundamental physics and extreme metrology. Since the pioneering experiment by E. Gerdau et al. [1] at the storage ring DORIS (DESY, Hamburg), the technique of nuclear resonance scattering has found widespread applications at hard X-ray synchrotron radiation sources worldwide. Its implementation and use at hard X-ray laser sources started with one experiment performed at SACLA in Japan reported so far [2].

In 2022 we could perform the first experiments on nuclear resonance scattering at the European XFEL. One study was conducted at the 14.4 keV resonance of 57Fe aiming at applications in x-ray quantum optics in a collaboration with researchers from Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, the Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, the University of Freiburg and DESY. The other experiment, initiated by researchers from Argonne National Laboratory and Texas A&M University in College Station, USA, succeeded to achieve the first photonic excitation of the ultranarrow 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc for future applications in extreme metrology.

Employing the 14.4 keV nuclear resonance of 57Fe we aimed at the realization of multiphoton excitation in forward scattering from an ensemble of Mössbauer nuclei. Due to the radiative coupling between the nuclei in the ensemble, an enhanced decay rate (superradiance, SR) and collective energy shifts (collective Lamb shift, CLS) appear as characteristic signatures in the scattered light. So far, SR and CLS have been extensively studied in the single-photon excitation regime at synchrotrons. Here we were aiming to reveal the spectral properties of the nuclear exciton under multiphoton excitation conditions, especially with the goal to determine the CLS as function of the number of photons that resonantly excite the nuclear ensemble. So far, the spectral properties under multiphoton excitation conditions have neither been approached theoretically nor experimentally. Our experiment in 2022 was mainly devoted to reliably detect the nuclear forward scattering signal in the presence of the extremely intense radiation pulses of the European XFEL. To our great surprise, under these conditions a 8 mm thick 57Fe foil appeared to be only 1 mm thick, as illustrated in Fig.1. The microscopic mechanism for this unique behavior is still under investigation.

The 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc is one of the narrowest nuclear resonances known with a half width of 1.4 femto-eV. In several aspects this isotope is superior to the 8.3 eV 229mTh isomer for extreme metrology applications. The scientific potential of the 45Sc resonance together with the possibility to resonantly excite it by photons from modern accelerator-based hard x-ray sources was identified more than 30 years ago [3]. However, it escaped detection until now, mostly due to the lack of hard x-ray sources with sufficient spectral flux. In this experiment the nuclear resonance of 45Sc was successfully observed by irradiation of a Sc metal foil with 12.4-keV x-ray pulses of sub-millisecond duration and detection of the 4 keV delayed K-fluorescence that followed internal nuclear conversion. The resonance energy, which was known before the experiment to an uncertainty of +/- 50 eV only was determined with sub-eV accuracy. Our results set the stage for further studies of this isotope with promising applications in fundamental physics and extreme metrology.

Both experiments greatly benefitted from the high pulse repetition rate in conjunction with hard x-ray self-seeding (HXRSS) at the respective nuclear resonance energies, providing the spectral flux for efficient nuclear resonance excitation. A unique pulse pattern will be extremely beneficial for future studies at the 45Sc resonance, in particular for the analysis of hyperfine interactions via nuclear forward scattering.

References

* Multiphoton Collective Lamb Shift
[1] E. Gerdau et al., Nuclear Bragg diffraction of synchrotron radiation in yttrium iron garnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 835 (1985).
[2] A. I. Chumakov et al., Superradiance of an ensemble of nuclei excited by a free electron laser, Nature Physics 14, 261 (2018).
[3] Yu. V. Shvyd’ko and G. V. Smirnov, On the direct measurement of nuclear resonance parameters of long-lived (>=1s) isomers. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 51, 452 (1990).

News and Announcements

Semiannual Meeting of the HI Jena

We kindly invite you to the Helmholtz Institute Jena semiannual palaver. The detailed agenda can be found here. Zoom link: 670 9407 9947
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Team of the Helmholtz Institute Jena one of the winners at the DIHP Elevator Pitch 2023

Five teams awarded at the Ideas Pitch 2023 at the "Digital Innovation Hub Photonics" (DIHP)  To support start-ups and fresh ideas in the field of optics and photonics:…
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Robert Klas is awarded Hugo Geiger Prize 2023

Dr. Robert Klas, from Helmholtz Institute Jena and Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, has received this year’s “Hugo Geiger Award…
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10th Joint RS-APS & HGS-HIRe Lecture Week on APPA Research at FAIR

At the end of February 2023 the Research School of Advanced Photon Science (RS-APS) of the Helmholtz Institute Jena organized already its 10th edition of its “Joint…
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Upcoming events

Upcoming events

DateTitleLocation

Recently finished theses

Riedel, R.
Pulse Metrology Tool and Burst-Mode Laser Amplifier for the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg
Universität Hamburg; Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften
December 2013
File:https://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/handle/ediss/5213
Ecker, B.
Entwicklung kohärenter Lichtquellen im XUV-Regime
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
November 2013
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-1781
Hahn, C.
Energie- und polarisationssensitiver Nachweis harter Röntgenstrahlung an Hochintensitätslasern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_msc.pdf
Geithner, R.
Optimierung eines kryogenen Stromkomparators für den Einsatz als Strahlmonitor
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00023556
Rathje, T.
Photodissoziation des Wasserstoffmolekülions durch Einzelzyklenlaserpulse
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/trathje_phd.pdf
Seegert, N.
Quantum Reflection at Strong Magnetic Fields
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/nseegert_msc.pdf
Herdrich, M. O.
Ionisationsquerschnitte von Uranionen in Speicherringen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mherdrich_bsc.pdf
Müller, R. A.
Angular and Polarisation Properties of Bremsstrahlung Radiation in the Short-Wavelength Limit
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
August 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/rmueller_bsc.pdf
Blinne, A.
Paarproduktion in rotierenden elektrischen Feldern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
March 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/ablinne_msc.pdf
Kienel, M.
Passive Coherent Beam Combining of Temporally Cascaded Pulses
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
January 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mkienel_msc.pdf
Lötzsch, R.
Bent crystal X-ray optics for the diagnosis and applications of laser-produced plasmas
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
November 2012
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00022009
Aurand, B.
Untersuchungen zu Mechanismen der Laser-Teilchenbeschleunigung
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
June 2012
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-2060
Fuchs, S.
Optische Kohärenztomografie mit kurzen Wellenlängen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
April 2012
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/sfuchs_dip.pdf
Märtin, R.
Röntgenpolarimetrie angewandt zur Untersuchung der Bremsstrahlung spinpolarisierter Elektronen
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie
September 2011
File:http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/12675/
Hahn, C.
Charakterisierung ortsauflösender Halbleiterdetektoren für harte Röntgenstrahlung
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_bsc.pdf
Reuter, M.
Interferometric Probing of Laser Generated Plasmas for Electron Acceleration
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
July 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mreuter_dip.pdf

Recent publications

Märtin, R.; Weber, G.; Barday, R.; Fritzsche, Y.; Spillmann, U.; Chen, W.; DuBois, R. D.; Enders, J.; Hegewald, M.; Hess, S.; Surzhykov, A.; Thorn, D. B.; Trotsenko, S.; Wagner, M.; Winters, D. F. A.; Yerokhin, V. A.; Stöhlker, T.
Polarization Transfer of Bremsstrahlung Arising from Spin-Polarized Electrons
Physical Review Letters, 108 :26480
June 2012
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.264801
Baumgartl, M.; Lecaplain, C.; Hideur, A.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
66 W average power from a microjoule-class sub-100 fs fiber oscillator
Optics Letters, 37 :1640
May 2012
DOI:10.1364/OL.37.001640
Bergues, B.; Kübel, M.; Johnson, N.; Fischer, B.; Camus, N.; Betsch, K.; Herrwerth, O.; Senftleben, A.; Sayler, A.; Rathje, T.; Pfeifer, T.; Ben-Itzhak, I.; Jones, R.; Paulus, G.; Krausz, F.; Moshammer, R.; Ullrich, J.; Kling, M.
Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization
Nature Communications, 3 :813
May 2012
DOI:10.1038/ncomms1807
Weber, G.; Bräuning, H.; Fritzsche, S.; Gumberidze, A.; Märtin, R.; Reuschl, R.; Schwemlein, M.; Spillmann, U.; Surzhykov, A.; Winters, D. F. A.; Stöhlker, T.
Compton polarimeters for the study of hard X-rays arising from energetic collisions of electrons and ions with matter
AIP Conference Proceedings, 1438 :73
May 2012
DOI:10.1063/1.4707858
Gottschall, T.; Baumgartl, M.; Sagnier, A.; Rothhardt, J.; Jauregui, C.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Fiber-based source for multiplex-CARS microscopy based on degenerate four-wave mixing
Optics Express, 20 :12004
May 2012
DOI:10.1364/OE.20.012004
Przystawik, A.; Kickermann, A.; Al-Shemmary, A.; Düsterer, S.; Ellis, A. M.; von Haeften, K.; Harmand, M.; Ramakrishna, S.; Redlin, H.; Schroedter, L.; Schulz, M.; Seideman, T.; Stojanovic, N.; Szekely, J.; Tavella, F.; Toleikis, S.; Laarmann, T.
Generation of the simplest rotational wave packet in a diatomic molecule: Tracing a two-level superposition in the time domain
Physical Review A, 85 :052503
May 2012
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.85.052503
Rothhardt, J.; Heidt, A. M.; Hädrich, S.; Demmler, S.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
High stability soliton frequency-shifting mechanisms for laser synchronization applications
Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 29 :1257
May 2012
DOI:10.1364/JOSAB.29.001257
Baumgartl, M.; Ortac, B.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Impact of dispersion on pulse dynamics in chirped-pulse fiber lasers
Applied Physics B, 107 :263
May 2012
DOI:10.1007/s00340-012-5010-0
Korneev, Ph. A.; Popruzhenko, S. V.; Goreslavski, S. P.; Yan, T.-M.; Bauer, D.; Becker, W.; Kübel, M.; Kling, M. F.; Rödel, C.; Wünsche, M.; Paulus, G.G.
Interference Carpets in Above-Threshold Ionization: From the Coulomb-Free to the Coulomb-Dominated Regime
Physical Review Letters, 108 :223601
May 2012
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.223601
Weber, G.; Märtin, R.; Surzhykov, A.; Yasuda, M.; Yerokhin, V. A.; Stöhlker, T.
PEBSI – A Monte Carlo simulator for bremsstrahlung arising from electrons colliding with thin solid-state targets
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 279 :155
May 2012
DOI:10.1016/j.nimb.2011.10.048
Grieser, M.; Litvinov, Yu. A.; Raabe, R.; Blaum, K.; Blumenfeld, Y.; Butler, P. A.; Wenander, F.; Woods, P. J.; Aliotta, M.; Andreyev, A.; Artemyev, A.; Atanasov, D.; Aumann, T.; Balabanski, D.; Barzakh, A.; Batist, L.; Bernardes, A.-P.; Bernhardt, D.; Billowes, J.; Bishop, S.; Borge, M.; Borzov, I.; Bosch, F.; Boston, A. J.; Brandau, C.; Catford, W.; Catherall, R.; Cederkall, J.; Cullen, D.; Davinson, T.; Dillmann, I.; Dimopoulou, C.; Dracoulis, G.; Düllmann, Ch. E.; Egelhof, P.; Estrade, A.; Fischer, D.; Flanagan, K.; Fraile, L.; Fraser, M. A.; Freeman, S. J.; Geissel, H.; Gerl, J.; Greenlees, P.; Grisenti, R. E.; Habs, D.; von Hahn, R.; Hagmann, S.; Hausmann, M.; He, J. J.; Heil, M.; Huyse, M.; Jenkins, D.; Jokinen, A.; Jonson, B.; Joss, D. T.; Kadi, Y.; Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N.; Kay, B. P.; Kiselev, O.; Kluge, H.-J.; Kowalska, M.; Kozhuharov, C.; Kreim, S.; Kröll, T.; Kurcewicz, J.; Labiche, M.; Lemmon, R. C.; Lestinsky, M.; Lotay, G.; Ma, X. W.; Marta, M.; Meng, J.; Mücher, D.; Mukha, I.; Müller, A.; Murphy, A.; Neyens, G.; Nilsson, T.; Nociforo, C.; Nörtershäuser, W.; Page, R. D.; Pasini, M.; Petridis, N.; Pietralla, N.; Pfützner, M.; Podolyak, Z.; Regan, P.; Reed, M. W.; Reifarth, R.; Reiter, P.; Repnow, R.; Riisager, K.; Rubio, B.; Sanjari, M. S.; Savin, D. W.; Scheidenberger, C.; Schippers, S.; Schneider, D.; Schuch, R.; Schwalm, D.; Schweikhard, L.; Shubina, D.; Siesling, E.; Simon, H.; Simpson, J.; Smith, J.; Sonnabend, K.; Steck, M.; Stora, T.; Stöhlker, T.; Sun, B.; Surzhykov, A.; Suzaki, F.; Tarasov, O.; Trotsenko, S.; Tu, X. L.; Van Duppen, P.; Volpe, C.; Voulot, D.; Walker, P. M.; Wildner, E.; Winckler, N.; Winters, D. F. A.; Wolf, A.; Xu, H. S.; Yakushev, A.; Yamaguchi, T.; Yuan, Y. J.; Zhang, Y. H.; Zuber, K.
Storage ring at HIE-ISOLDE Technical design report
European Journal of Physics - Special Topics, 207 :1
May 2012
DOI:10.1140/epjst/e2012-01599-9
Habib, J.; Guilbaud, O.; Zielbauer, B.; Zimmer, D.; Pittman, M.; Kazamias, S.; Montet, C.; Kühl, T.; Ros, D.
Low energy prepulse for 10 Hz operation of a soft-x-ray laser
Optics Express, 20 :10128
April 2012
DOI:10.1364/OE.20.010128
Rothhardt, J.; Demmler, S.; Hädrich, S.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Octave-spanning OPCPA system delivering CEP-stable few-cycle pulses and 22 W of average power at 1 MHz repetition rate
Optics Express, 20 :10870
April 2012
DOI:10.1364/OE.20.010870
Rathje, T.; Johnson, N.; Möller, M.; Süssmann, F.; Adolph, D.; Kübel, M.; Kienberger, R.; Kling, M. F.; Paulus, G.G.; Sayler, A. M.
Review of attosecond resolved measurement and control via carrier-envelope phase tagging with above-threshold ionization
Journal of Physics B, 45 :074003
April 2012
DOI:10.1088/0953-4075/45/7/074003
Limpert, J.; Stutzki, F.; Jansen, F.; Otto, H.-J.; Eidam, T.; Jauregui, C.; Tünnermann, A.
Yb-doped large-pitch fibres: effective single-mode operation based on higher-order mode delocalisation
Light: Science & Applications, 1 :e8
April 2012
DOI:10.1038/lsa.2012.8
Stutzki, F.; Jansen, F.; Liem, A.; Jauregui, C.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
26 mJ, 130 W Q-switched fiber-laser system with near-diffraction-limited beam quality
Optics Letters, 37 :1073
March 2012
DOI:10.1364/OL.37.001073
Seres, E.; Seres, J.; Spielmann, C.
Extreme ultraviolet light source based on intracavity high harmonic generation in a mode locked Ti:sapphire oscillator with 9.4 MHz repetition rate
Optics Express, 20 :6185
March 2012
DOI:10.1364/OE.20.006185
Aurand, B.; Rödel, C.; Zhao, H.; Kuschel, S.; Wünsche, M.; Jäckel, O.; Heyer, M.; Wunderlich, F.; Kaluza, M.C.; Paulus, G.G.; Kühl, T.
Note: A large aperture four-mirror reflective wave-plate for high-intensity short-pulse laser experiments
Review of Scientific Instruments, 83 :036104
March 2012
DOI:10.1063/1.3694659
Fuchs, S.; Blinne, A.; Rödel, C.; Zastrau, U.; Hilbert, V.; Wünsche, M.; Bierbach, J.; Frumker, E.; Förster, E.; Paulus, G.G.
Optical coherence tomography using broad-bandwidth XUV and soft X-ray radiation
Applied Physics B, 106 :789
March 2012
DOI:10.1007/s00340-012-4934-8
Tupitsyn, I. I.; Kozhedub, Y. S.; Shabaev, V. M.; Bondarev, A. I.; Deyneka, G. B.; Maltsev, I. A.; Hagmann, S.; Plunien, G.; Stöhlker, T.
Relativistic calculations of the K-K charge transfer and K-vacancy production probabilities in low-energy ion-atom collisions
Physical Review A, 85 :032712
March 2012
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.85.032712
Lötzsch, R.; Uschmann, I.; Förster, E.
Spatially resolved twin domain distribution and lattice parameter variations in the near-surface region of SrTiO_3 single crystals
Applied Physics B, 106 :563
March 2012
DOI:10.1007/s00339-011-6674-8
Zastrau, U.; Burian, T.; Chalupsky, J.; Döppner, T.; Dzelzainis, T. W. J.; Fäustlin, R. R.; Fortmann, C.; Galtier, E.; Glenzer, S. H.; Gregori, G.; Juha, L.; Lee, H. J.; Lee, R. W.; Lewis, C. L. S.; Medvedev, N.; Nagler, B.; Nelson, A. J.; Riley, D.; Rosmej, F. B.; Toleikis, S.; Tschentscher, T.; Uschmann, I.; Vinko, S. M.; Wark, J. S.; Whitcher, T.; Förster, E.
XUV spectroscopic characterization of warm dense aluminum plasmas generated by the free-electron-laser FLASH
Laser and Particle Beams, 30 :45
March 2012
DOI:10.1017/S026303461100067X
Baumgartl, M.; Chemnitz, M.; Jauregui, C.; Meyer, T.; Dietzek, B.; Popp, J.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
All-fiber laser source for CARS microscopy based on fiber optical parametric frequency conversion
Optics Express, 20 :4484
February 2012
DOI:10.1364/OE.20.004484
Fraga, R.; Kalinin, A.; Kühnel, M.; Hochhaus, D. C.; Schottelius, A.; Polz, J.; Kaluza, M.C.; Neumayer, P.; Grisenti, R. E.
Compact cryogenic source of periodic hydrogen and argon droplet beams for relativistic laser-plasma generation
Review of Scientific Instruments, 83 :025102
February 2012
DOI:10.1063/1.3681940
Schnell, M.; Sävert, A.; Landgraf, B.; Reuter, M.; Nicolai, M.; Jäckel, O.; Peth, C.; Thiele, T.; Jansen, O.; Pukhov, A.; Willi, O.; Kaluza, M.C.; Spielmann, C.
Deducing the Electron-Beam Diameter in a Laser-Plasma Accelerator Using X-Ray Betatron Radiation
Physical Review Letters, 108 :075001
February 2012
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.075001
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