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Dear colleagues and friends of the HI-Jena,

we are glad to provide you with the March 2023 issue of the newsletter of the Helmholtz Institute Jena.
Below you find informations and news about recent activities of our institute.

Kind Regards,
Helmholtz Institute Jena

New Regimes of Nuclear Resonance Excitation: First Experiments at the European XFEL

Ralf Röhlsberger for the MCLS* collaboration and for the 45Sc collaboration

The nuclear resonances of Mössbauer isotopes provide extremely narrow energy references for high-resolution spectroscopy. This qualifies them for applications in condensed matter physics as well as for studies in fundamental physics and extreme metrology. Since the pioneering experiment by E. Gerdau et al. [1] at the storage ring DORIS (DESY, Hamburg), the technique of nuclear resonance scattering has found widespread applications at hard X-ray synchrotron radiation sources worldwide. Its implementation and use at hard X-ray laser sources started with one experiment performed at SACLA in Japan reported so far [2].

In 2022 we could perform the first experiments on nuclear resonance scattering at the European XFEL. One study was conducted at the 14.4 keV resonance of 57Fe aiming at applications in x-ray quantum optics in a collaboration with researchers from Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, the Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, the University of Freiburg and DESY. The other experiment, initiated by researchers from Argonne National Laboratory and Texas A&M University in College Station, USA, succeeded to achieve the first photonic excitation of the ultranarrow 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc for future applications in extreme metrology.

Employing the 14.4 keV nuclear resonance of 57Fe we aimed at the realization of multiphoton excitation in forward scattering from an ensemble of Mössbauer nuclei. Due to the radiative coupling between the nuclei in the ensemble, an enhanced decay rate (superradiance, SR) and collective energy shifts (collective Lamb shift, CLS) appear as characteristic signatures in the scattered light. So far, SR and CLS have been extensively studied in the single-photon excitation regime at synchrotrons. Here we were aiming to reveal the spectral properties of the nuclear exciton under multiphoton excitation conditions, especially with the goal to determine the CLS as function of the number of photons that resonantly excite the nuclear ensemble. So far, the spectral properties under multiphoton excitation conditions have neither been approached theoretically nor experimentally. Our experiment in 2022 was mainly devoted to reliably detect the nuclear forward scattering signal in the presence of the extremely intense radiation pulses of the European XFEL. To our great surprise, under these conditions a 8 mm thick 57Fe foil appeared to be only 1 mm thick, as illustrated in Fig.1. The microscopic mechanism for this unique behavior is still under investigation.

The 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc is one of the narrowest nuclear resonances known with a half width of 1.4 femto-eV. In several aspects this isotope is superior to the 8.3 eV 229mTh isomer for extreme metrology applications. The scientific potential of the 45Sc resonance together with the possibility to resonantly excite it by photons from modern accelerator-based hard x-ray sources was identified more than 30 years ago [3]. However, it escaped detection until now, mostly due to the lack of hard x-ray sources with sufficient spectral flux. In this experiment the nuclear resonance of 45Sc was successfully observed by irradiation of a Sc metal foil with 12.4-keV x-ray pulses of sub-millisecond duration and detection of the 4 keV delayed K-fluorescence that followed internal nuclear conversion. The resonance energy, which was known before the experiment to an uncertainty of +/- 50 eV only was determined with sub-eV accuracy. Our results set the stage for further studies of this isotope with promising applications in fundamental physics and extreme metrology.

Both experiments greatly benefitted from the high pulse repetition rate in conjunction with hard x-ray self-seeding (HXRSS) at the respective nuclear resonance energies, providing the spectral flux for efficient nuclear resonance excitation. A unique pulse pattern will be extremely beneficial for future studies at the 45Sc resonance, in particular for the analysis of hyperfine interactions via nuclear forward scattering.

References

* Multiphoton Collective Lamb Shift
[1] E. Gerdau et al., Nuclear Bragg diffraction of synchrotron radiation in yttrium iron garnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 835 (1985).
[2] A. I. Chumakov et al., Superradiance of an ensemble of nuclei excited by a free electron laser, Nature Physics 14, 261 (2018).
[3] Yu. V. Shvyd’ko and G. V. Smirnov, On the direct measurement of nuclear resonance parameters of long-lived (>=1s) isomers. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 51, 452 (1990).

News and Announcements

Semiannual Meeting of the HI Jena

We kindly invite you to the Helmholtz Institute Jena semiannual palaver. The detailed agenda can be found here. Zoom link: 670 9407 9947
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Team of the Helmholtz Institute Jena one of the winners at the DIHP Elevator Pitch 2023

Five teams awarded at the Ideas Pitch 2023 at the "Digital Innovation Hub Photonics" (DIHP)  To support start-ups and fresh ideas in the field of optics and photonics:…
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Robert Klas is awarded Hugo Geiger Prize 2023

Dr. Robert Klas, from Helmholtz Institute Jena and Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, has received this year’s “Hugo Geiger Award…
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10th Joint RS-APS & HGS-HIRe Lecture Week on APPA Research at FAIR

At the end of February 2023 the Research School of Advanced Photon Science (RS-APS) of the Helmholtz Institute Jena organized already its 10th edition of its “Joint…
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Upcoming events

Upcoming events

DateTitleLocation

Recently finished theses

Riedel, R.
Pulse Metrology Tool and Burst-Mode Laser Amplifier for the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg
Universität Hamburg; Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften
December 2013
File:https://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/handle/ediss/5213
Ecker, B.
Entwicklung kohärenter Lichtquellen im XUV-Regime
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
November 2013
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-1781
Hahn, C.
Energie- und polarisationssensitiver Nachweis harter Röntgenstrahlung an Hochintensitätslasern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_msc.pdf
Geithner, R.
Optimierung eines kryogenen Stromkomparators für den Einsatz als Strahlmonitor
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00023556
Rathje, T.
Photodissoziation des Wasserstoffmolekülions durch Einzelzyklenlaserpulse
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/trathje_phd.pdf
Seegert, N.
Quantum Reflection at Strong Magnetic Fields
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/nseegert_msc.pdf
Herdrich, M. O.
Ionisationsquerschnitte von Uranionen in Speicherringen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mherdrich_bsc.pdf
Müller, R. A.
Angular and Polarisation Properties of Bremsstrahlung Radiation in the Short-Wavelength Limit
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
August 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/rmueller_bsc.pdf
Blinne, A.
Paarproduktion in rotierenden elektrischen Feldern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
March 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/ablinne_msc.pdf
Kienel, M.
Passive Coherent Beam Combining of Temporally Cascaded Pulses
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
January 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mkienel_msc.pdf
Lötzsch, R.
Bent crystal X-ray optics for the diagnosis and applications of laser-produced plasmas
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
November 2012
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00022009
Aurand, B.
Untersuchungen zu Mechanismen der Laser-Teilchenbeschleunigung
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
June 2012
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-2060
Fuchs, S.
Optische Kohärenztomografie mit kurzen Wellenlängen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
April 2012
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/sfuchs_dip.pdf
Märtin, R.
Röntgenpolarimetrie angewandt zur Untersuchung der Bremsstrahlung spinpolarisierter Elektronen
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie
September 2011
File:http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/12675/
Hahn, C.
Charakterisierung ortsauflösender Halbleiterdetektoren für harte Röntgenstrahlung
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_bsc.pdf
Reuter, M.
Interferometric Probing of Laser Generated Plasmas for Electron Acceleration
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
July 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mreuter_dip.pdf

Recent publications

Shvetsov-Shilovski, N. I.; Räsänen, E.; Paulus, G.G.; Madsen, L. B.
Asymmetric photoelectron momentum distributions due to quantum interference in strong-field ionization by a few-cycle pulse
Physical Review A, 89 :043431
April 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.89.043431
Schulze, K. S.; Marx, B.; Uschmann, I.; Förster, E.; Stöhlker, T.; Paulus, G.G.
Determination of the polarization state of x rays with the help of anomalous transmission
Applied Physics Letters, 104 :151110
April 2014
DOI:10.1063/1.4872180
Artemyev, A.; Serbo, V.; Surzhykov, A.
Double lepton pair production with electron capture in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
The European Physical Journal C, 74 :2829
April 2014
DOI:10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-2829-z
Tashenov, S.; Bäck, T.; Barday, R.; Cederwall, B.; Enders, J.; Khaplanov, A.; Fritzsche, Y.; Surzhykov, A.; Yerokhin, V. A.; Jakubassa-Amundsen, D.
Electron polarimetry with bremsstrahlung
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 488 :012057
April 2014
DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/488/1/012057
White, T. G.; Hartley, N. J.; Borm, B.; Crowley, B. J. B.; Harris, J. W. O.; Hochhaus, D. C.; Kaempfer, T.; Li, K.; Neumayer, P.; Pattison, L. K.; Pfeifer, F.; Richardson, S.; Robinson, A. P. L.; Uschmann, I.; Gregori, G.
Electron-Ion Equilibration in Ultrafast Heated Graphite
Physical Review Letters, 112 :145005
April 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.145005
Xie, X.; Roither, S.; Schöffler, M.; Lötstedt, E.; Kartashov, D.; Zhang, L.; Paulus, G.; Iwasaki, A.; Baltuska, A.; Yamanouchi, K.; Kitzler, M.
Electronic Predetermination of Ethylene Fragmentation Dynamics
Physical Review X, 4 :021005
April 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevX.4.021005
Culfa, O.; Tallents, G. J.; Wagenaars, E.; Ridgers, C. P.; Dance, R. J.; Rossall, A. K.; Gray, R. J.; McKenna, P.; Brown, C. D. R.; James, S. F.; Hoarty, D. J.; Booth, N.; Robinson, A. P. L.; Lancaster, K. L.; Pikuz, S. A.; Faenov, A. Ya.; Kämpfer, T.; Schulze, K. S.; Uschmann, I.; Woolsey, N. C.
Hot electron production in laser solid interactions with a controlled pre-pulse
Physics of Plasmas, 21 :043106
April 2014
DOI:10.1063/1.4870633
Jahrsetz, T.; Fritzsche, S.; Surzhykov, A.
Inelastic Raman scattering of light by hydrogenlike ions
Physical Review A, 89 :042501
April 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.89.042501
Hayrapetyan, A.; Matula, O.; Aiello, A.; Surzhykov, A.; Fritzsche, S.
Interaction of Relativistic Electron-Vortex Beams with Few-Cycle Laser Pulses
Physical Review Letters, 112 :134801
April 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.134801
Dachraoui, H.; Laan, d.; Müller, N.; Milde, T.; Porer, M.; Manzke, R.; Huber, R.; Fritzsche, S.; Heinzmann, U.
Mapping spin-orbit activated interchannel coupling
Europhysics Letters, 106 :13001
April 2014
DOI:10.1209/0295-5075/106/13001
Gong, X.; Kunitski, M.; Betsch, K. J.; Song, Q.; Schmidt, L. Ph. H.; Jahnke, T.; Kling, N.; Herrwerth, O.; Bergues, B.; Senftleben, A.; Ullrich, J.; Moshammer, R.; Paulus, G.G.; Ben-Itzhak, I.; Lezius, M.; Kling, M. F.; Zeng, H.; Jones, R. R.; Wu, J.
Multielectron effects in strong-field dissociative ionization of molecules
Physical Review A, 89 :043429
April 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.89.043429
Ma, T.; Fletcher, L.; Pak, A.; Chapman, D. A.; Falcone, R. W.; Fortmann, C.; Galtier, E.; Gericke, D. O.; Gregori, G.; Hastings, J.; Landen, O. L.; Le Pape, S.; Lee, H. J.; Nagler, B.; Neumayer, P.; Turnbull, D.; Vorberger, J.; White, T. G.; Wünsch, K.; Zastrau, U.; Glenzer, S. H.; Döppner, T.
Observations of strong ion-ion correlations in dense plasmasa)
Physics of Plasmas, 21 :056302
April 2014
DOI:10.1063/1.4872161
Karbstein, F.
Quark-antiquark static energy from a restricted Fourier transform
Journal of High Energy Physics, 04 :144
April 2014
DOI:10.1007/JHEP04(2014)144
Xie, X.; Doblhoff-Dier, K.; Xu, H.; Roither, S.; Schöffler, M.; Kartashov, D.; Erattupuzha, S.; Rathje, T.; Paulus, G.; Yamanouchi, K.; Baltuska, A.; Gräfe, S.; Kitzler, M.
Selective Control over Fragmentation Reactions in Polyatomic Molecules Using Impulsive Laser Alignment
Physical Review Letters, 112 :163003
April 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.163003
Tahir, N.; Kim, V.; Schlitt, B.; Barth, W.; Groening, L.; Lomonosov, I.; Piriz, A.; Stöhlker, T.; Vormann, H.
Three-dimensional thermal simulations of thin solid carbon foils for charge stripping of high current uranium ion beams at a proposed new heavy-ion linac at GSI
Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, 17 :041003
April 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.17.041003
Kessler, A.; Hornung, M.; Keppler, S.; Schorcht, F.; Hellwing, M.; Liebetrau, H.; Körner, J.; Sävert, A.; Siebold, M.; Schnepp, M.; Hein, J.; Kaluza, M.C.
16.6 J chirped femtosecond laser pulses from a diode-pumped Yb:CaF2 amplifier
Optics Letters, 39 :1333
March 2014
DOI:10.1364/OL.39.001333
Stambulchik, E.; Kroupp, E.; Maron, Y.; Zastrau, U.; Uschmann, I.; Paulus, G.G.
Absorption-aided x-ray emission tomography of planar targets
Physics of Plasmas, 21 :033303
March 2014
DOI:10.1063/1.4869246
Rothhardt, J.; Krebs, M.; Hädrich, S.; Demmler, S.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Absorption-limited and phase-matched high harmonic generation in the tight focusing regime
New Journal of Physics, 16 :033022
March 2014
DOI:10.1088/1367-2630/16/3/033022
Zürch, M.; Foertsch, S.; Matzas, M.; Pachmann, K.; Kuth, R.; Spielmann, C.
Apparatus and fast method for cancer cell classification based on high harmonic coherent diffraction imaging in reflection geometry
Proceedings of SPIE, 9033 :1
March 2014
DOI:10.1117/12.2043285
Busold, S.; Schumacher, D.; Deppert, O.; Brabetz, C.; Kroll, F.; Blazevic, A.; Bagnoud, V.; Roth, M.
Commissioning of a compact laser-based proton beam line for high intensity bunches around 10 MeV
Physical Review ST - Accelerators and Beams, 17 :031302
March 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.17.031302
Yeung, M.; Dromey, B.; Cousens, S.; Dzelzainis, T.; Kiefer, D.; Schreiber, J.; Bin, J.; Ma, W.; Kreuzer, C.; Meyer-ter-Vehn, J.; Streeter, M.; Foster, P.; Rykovanov, S.; Zepf, M.
Dependence of Laser-Driven Coherent Synchrotron Emission Efficiency on Pulse Ellipticity and Implications for Polarization Gating
Physical Review Letters, 112 :123902
March 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.123902
Aurand, B.; Kuschel, S.; Jäckel, O.; Rödel, C.; Zhao, H.; Herzer, S.; Paz, A.; Bierbach, J.; Polz, J.; Elkin, B.; Karmakar, A.; Gibbon, P.; Kaluza, M.C.; Kühl, T.
Enhanced radiation pressure-assisted acceleration by temporally tuned counter-propagating pulses
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 740 :83
March 2014
DOI:10.1016/j.nima.2013.11.010
Gwynne, D.; Kar, S.; Doria, D.; Ahmed, H.; Cerchez, M.; Fernandez, J.; Gray, R. J.; Green, J. S.; Hanton, F.; MacLellan, D. A.; McKenna, P.; Najmudin, Z.; Neely, D.; Ruiz, J. A.; Schiavi, A.; Streeter, M.; Swantusch, M.; Willi, O.; Zepf, M.; Borghesi, M.
Modified Thomson spectrometer design for high energy, multi-species ion sources
Review of Scientific Instruments, 85 :033304
March 2014
DOI:10.1063/1.4866021
Kübel, M.; Betsch, K. J.; Kling, N. G.; Alnaser, A. S.; Schmidt, J.; Kleineberg, U.; Deng, Y.; Ben-Itzhak, I.; Paulus, G.G.; Pfeifer, T.; Ullrich, J.; Moshammer, R.; Kling, M. F.; Bergues, B.
Non-sequential double ionization of Ar: from the single- to the many-cycle regime
New Journal of Physics, 16 :033008
March 2014
DOI:10.1088/1367-2630/16/3/033008
Blinne, A.; Gies, H.
Pair production in rotating electric fields
Physical Review D, 89 :085001
March 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.89.085001
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