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Dear colleagues and friends of the HI-Jena,

we are glad to provide you with the March 2023 issue of the newsletter of the Helmholtz Institute Jena.
Below you find informations and news about recent activities of our institute.

Kind Regards,
Helmholtz Institute Jena

New Regimes of Nuclear Resonance Excitation: First Experiments at the European XFEL

Ralf Röhlsberger for the MCLS* collaboration and for the 45Sc collaboration

The nuclear resonances of Mössbauer isotopes provide extremely narrow energy references for high-resolution spectroscopy. This qualifies them for applications in condensed matter physics as well as for studies in fundamental physics and extreme metrology. Since the pioneering experiment by E. Gerdau et al. [1] at the storage ring DORIS (DESY, Hamburg), the technique of nuclear resonance scattering has found widespread applications at hard X-ray synchrotron radiation sources worldwide. Its implementation and use at hard X-ray laser sources started with one experiment performed at SACLA in Japan reported so far [2].

In 2022 we could perform the first experiments on nuclear resonance scattering at the European XFEL. One study was conducted at the 14.4 keV resonance of 57Fe aiming at applications in x-ray quantum optics in a collaboration with researchers from Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, the Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, the University of Freiburg and DESY. The other experiment, initiated by researchers from Argonne National Laboratory and Texas A&M University in College Station, USA, succeeded to achieve the first photonic excitation of the ultranarrow 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc for future applications in extreme metrology.

Employing the 14.4 keV nuclear resonance of 57Fe we aimed at the realization of multiphoton excitation in forward scattering from an ensemble of Mössbauer nuclei. Due to the radiative coupling between the nuclei in the ensemble, an enhanced decay rate (superradiance, SR) and collective energy shifts (collective Lamb shift, CLS) appear as characteristic signatures in the scattered light. So far, SR and CLS have been extensively studied in the single-photon excitation regime at synchrotrons. Here we were aiming to reveal the spectral properties of the nuclear exciton under multiphoton excitation conditions, especially with the goal to determine the CLS as function of the number of photons that resonantly excite the nuclear ensemble. So far, the spectral properties under multiphoton excitation conditions have neither been approached theoretically nor experimentally. Our experiment in 2022 was mainly devoted to reliably detect the nuclear forward scattering signal in the presence of the extremely intense radiation pulses of the European XFEL. To our great surprise, under these conditions a 8 mm thick 57Fe foil appeared to be only 1 mm thick, as illustrated in Fig.1. The microscopic mechanism for this unique behavior is still under investigation.

The 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc is one of the narrowest nuclear resonances known with a half width of 1.4 femto-eV. In several aspects this isotope is superior to the 8.3 eV 229mTh isomer for extreme metrology applications. The scientific potential of the 45Sc resonance together with the possibility to resonantly excite it by photons from modern accelerator-based hard x-ray sources was identified more than 30 years ago [3]. However, it escaped detection until now, mostly due to the lack of hard x-ray sources with sufficient spectral flux. In this experiment the nuclear resonance of 45Sc was successfully observed by irradiation of a Sc metal foil with 12.4-keV x-ray pulses of sub-millisecond duration and detection of the 4 keV delayed K-fluorescence that followed internal nuclear conversion. The resonance energy, which was known before the experiment to an uncertainty of +/- 50 eV only was determined with sub-eV accuracy. Our results set the stage for further studies of this isotope with promising applications in fundamental physics and extreme metrology.

Both experiments greatly benefitted from the high pulse repetition rate in conjunction with hard x-ray self-seeding (HXRSS) at the respective nuclear resonance energies, providing the spectral flux for efficient nuclear resonance excitation. A unique pulse pattern will be extremely beneficial for future studies at the 45Sc resonance, in particular for the analysis of hyperfine interactions via nuclear forward scattering.

References

* Multiphoton Collective Lamb Shift
[1] E. Gerdau et al., Nuclear Bragg diffraction of synchrotron radiation in yttrium iron garnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 835 (1985).
[2] A. I. Chumakov et al., Superradiance of an ensemble of nuclei excited by a free electron laser, Nature Physics 14, 261 (2018).
[3] Yu. V. Shvyd’ko and G. V. Smirnov, On the direct measurement of nuclear resonance parameters of long-lived (>=1s) isomers. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 51, 452 (1990).

News and Announcements

Semiannual Meeting of the HI Jena

We kindly invite you to the Helmholtz Institute Jena semiannual palaver. The detailed agenda can be found here. Zoom link: 670 9407 9947
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Team of the Helmholtz Institute Jena one of the winners at the DIHP Elevator Pitch 2023

Five teams awarded at the Ideas Pitch 2023 at the "Digital Innovation Hub Photonics" (DIHP)  To support start-ups and fresh ideas in the field of optics and photonics:…
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Robert Klas is awarded Hugo Geiger Prize 2023

Dr. Robert Klas, from Helmholtz Institute Jena and Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, has received this year’s “Hugo Geiger Award…
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10th Joint RS-APS & HGS-HIRe Lecture Week on APPA Research at FAIR

At the end of February 2023 the Research School of Advanced Photon Science (RS-APS) of the Helmholtz Institute Jena organized already its 10th edition of its “Joint…
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Upcoming events

Upcoming events

DateTitleLocation

Recently finished theses

Riedel, R.
Pulse Metrology Tool and Burst-Mode Laser Amplifier for the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg
Universität Hamburg; Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften
December 2013
File:https://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/handle/ediss/5213
Ecker, B.
Entwicklung kohärenter Lichtquellen im XUV-Regime
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
November 2013
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-1781
Hahn, C.
Energie- und polarisationssensitiver Nachweis harter Röntgenstrahlung an Hochintensitätslasern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_msc.pdf
Geithner, R.
Optimierung eines kryogenen Stromkomparators für den Einsatz als Strahlmonitor
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00023556
Rathje, T.
Photodissoziation des Wasserstoffmolekülions durch Einzelzyklenlaserpulse
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/trathje_phd.pdf
Seegert, N.
Quantum Reflection at Strong Magnetic Fields
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/nseegert_msc.pdf
Herdrich, M. O.
Ionisationsquerschnitte von Uranionen in Speicherringen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mherdrich_bsc.pdf
Müller, R. A.
Angular and Polarisation Properties of Bremsstrahlung Radiation in the Short-Wavelength Limit
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
August 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/rmueller_bsc.pdf
Blinne, A.
Paarproduktion in rotierenden elektrischen Feldern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
March 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/ablinne_msc.pdf
Kienel, M.
Passive Coherent Beam Combining of Temporally Cascaded Pulses
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
January 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mkienel_msc.pdf
Lötzsch, R.
Bent crystal X-ray optics for the diagnosis and applications of laser-produced plasmas
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
November 2012
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00022009
Aurand, B.
Untersuchungen zu Mechanismen der Laser-Teilchenbeschleunigung
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
June 2012
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-2060
Fuchs, S.
Optische Kohärenztomografie mit kurzen Wellenlängen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
April 2012
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/sfuchs_dip.pdf
Märtin, R.
Röntgenpolarimetrie angewandt zur Untersuchung der Bremsstrahlung spinpolarisierter Elektronen
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie
September 2011
File:http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/12675/
Hahn, C.
Charakterisierung ortsauflösender Halbleiterdetektoren für harte Röntgenstrahlung
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_bsc.pdf
Reuter, M.
Interferometric Probing of Laser Generated Plasmas for Electron Acceleration
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
July 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mreuter_dip.pdf

Recent publications

Deprince, J.; Fritzsche, S.; Kallman, T.; Palmeri, P.; Quinet, P.
Plasma effects on atomic data for the K-vacancy states of highly charged iron ions
AIP Conference Proceedings, 1811 :040002
March 2017
DOI:10.1063/1.4975718
Wünsche, M.; Fuchs, S.; Aull, S.; Nathanael, J.; Möller, M.; Rödel, C.; Paulus, G.G.
Quasi-supercontinuum source in the extreme ultraviolet using multiple frequency combs from high-harmonic generation
Optics Express, 25 :6936
March 2017
DOI:10.1364/OE.25.006936
Galyamin, S.; Tyukhtin, A.; Peshkov, A.
Transition radiation at the boundary of a chiral isotropic medium
Physical Review E, 95 :032142
March 2017
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.95.032142
Samsonova, Z.; Höfer, S.; Hoffmann, A.; Landgraf, B.; Zürch, M.; Uschmann, I.; Khaghani, D.; Rosmej, O.; Neumayer, P.; Röder, R.; Trefflich, L.; Ronning, C.; Förster, E.; Spielmann, C.; Kartashov, D.
X-ray emission generated by laser-produced plasmas from dielectric nanostructured targets
AIP Conference Proceedings, 1811 :180001
March 2017
DOI:10.1063/1.4975743
Wagner, F.; Hornung, J.; Schmidt, C.; Eckhardt, M.; Roth, M.; Stöhlker, T.; Bagnoud, V.
Backreflection diagnostics for ultra-intense laser plasma experiments based on frequency resolved optical gating
Review of Scientific Instruments, 88 :023503
February 2017
DOI:10.1063/1.4975827
Winckler, N.; Rybalchenko, A.; Shevelko, V.; Al-Turany, M.; Kollegger, T.; Stöhlker, T.
BREIT code: Analytical solution of the balance rate equations for charge-state evolutions of heavy-ion beams in matter
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 392 :67
February 2017
DOI:10.1016/j.nimb.2016.11.035
Gebhardt, M.; Gaida, C.; Stutzki, F.; Hädrich, S.; Jauregui, C.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
High average power nonlinear compression to 4 GW, sub-50  fs pulses at 2 μm wavelength
Optics Letters, 42 :747
February 2017
DOI:10.1364/OL.42.000747
Wu, D.; He, X. T.; Yu, W.; Fritzsche, S.
Monte Carlo approach to calculate ionization dynamics of hot solid-density plasmas within particle-in-cell simulations
Physical Review E, 95 :023208
February 2017
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.95.023208
Wu, D.; He, X. T.; Yu, W.; Fritzsche, S.
Monte Carlo approach to calculate proton stopping in warm dense matter within particle-in-cell simulations
Physical Review E, 95 :023207
February 2017
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.95.023207
Wustelt, P.; Möller, M.; Schöffler, M.; Xie, X.; Hanus, V.; Sayler, A.; Baltuska, A.; Paulus, G.; Kitzler, M.
Numerical investigation of the sequential-double-ionization dynamics of helium in different few-cycle-laser-field shapes
Physical Review A, 95 :023411
February 2017
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.95.023411
Kasim, M.; Ceurvorst, L.; Ratan, N.; Sadler, J.; Chen, N.; Sävert, A.; Trines, R.; Bingham, R.; Burrows, P.; Kaluza, M.; Norreys, P.
Quantitative shadowgraphy and proton radiography for large intensity modulations
Physical Review E, 95 :023306
February 2017
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.95.023306
Adolph, D.; Möller, M.; Bierbach, J.; Schwab, M.; Sävert, A.; Yeung, M.; Sayler, A. M.; Zepf, M.; Kaluza, M.C.; Paulus, G.G.
Real-time, single-shot, carrier-envelope-phase measurement of a multi-terawatt laser
Applied Physics Letters, 110 :081105
February 2017
DOI:10.1063/1.4976695
Deák, L.; Bottyán, L.; Fülöp, T.; Merkel, D. G.; Nagy, D. L.; Sajti, S.; Schulze, K. S.; Spiering, H.; Uschmann, I.; Wille, H.-C.
Realizing total reciprocity violation in the phase for photon scattering
Scientific Reports, 7 :43114
February 2017
DOI:10.1038/srep43114
Hansinger, P.; Töpfer, P.; Dimitrov, N.; Adolph, D.; Hoff, D.; Rathje, T.; Sayler, A. M.; Dreischuh, A.; Paulus, G.G.
Refractive index dispersion measurement using carrier-envelope phasemeters
New Journal of Physics, 19 :023040
February 2017
File:http://stacks.iop.org/1367-2630/19/i=2/a=023040
Zille, D.; Seipt, D.; Möller, M.; Fritzsche, S.; Gräfe, S.; Müller, C.; Paulus, G.G.
Spin-dependent rescattering in strong-field ionization of helium
Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 50 :065001
February 2017
File:http://stacks.iop.org/0953-4075/50/i=6/a=065001
Ferrer, R.; Barzakh, A.; Bastin, B.; Beerwerth, R.; Block, M.; Creemers, P.; Grawe, H.; Groote, R.; Delahaye, P.; Fléchard, X.; Franchoo, S.; Fritzsche, S.; Gaffney, L. P.; Ghys, L.; Gins, W.; Granados, C.; Heinke, R.; Hijazi, L.; Huyse, M.; Kron, T.; Kudryavtsev, Y.; Laatiaoui, M.; Lecesne, N.; Loiselet, M.; Lutton, F.; Moore, I. D.; Martínez, Y.; Mogilevskiy, E.; Naubereit, P.; Piot, J.; Raeder, S.; Rothe, S.; Savajols, H.; Sels, S.; Sonnenschein, V.; Thomas, J.-C.; Traykov, E.; Beveren, C.; Bergh, P.; Duppen, P.; Wendt, K.; Zadvornaya, A.
Towards high-resolution laser ionization spectroscopy of the heaviest elements in supersonic gas jet expansion
Nature Communications, 8 :14520
February 2017
DOI:10.1038/ncomms14520
Thomas, J.; Günther, M. M.; Pukhov, A.
Beam load structures in a basic relativistic interaction model
Physics of Plasmas, 24 :013101
January 2017
DOI:10.1063/1.4973322
Gies, H.; Torgrimsson, G.
Critical Schwinger pair production. II. Universality in the deeply critical regime
Physical Review D, 95 :016001
January 2017
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.95.016001
Walker, P. A.; Alesini, P. D.; Alexandrova, A. S.; Anania, M. P.; Andreev, N. E.; Andriyash, I.; Aschikhin, A.; Assmann, R. W.; Audet, T.; Bacci, A.; Barna, I. F.; Beaton, A.; Beck, A.; Beluze, A.; Bernhard, A.; Bielawski, S.; Bisesto, F. G.; Boedewadt, J.; Brandi, F.; Bringer, O.; Brinkmann, R.; Bründermann, E.; Büscher, M.; Bussmann, M.; Bussolino, G. C.; Chance, A.; Chanteloup, J. C.; Chen, M.; Chiadroni, E.; Cianchi, A.; Clarke, J.; Cole, J.; Couprie, M. E.; Croia, M.; Cros, B.; Dale, J.; Dattoli, G.; Delerue, N.; Delferriere, O.; Delinikolas, P.; Dias, J.; Dorda, U.; Ertel, K.; Pousa, A. F.; Ferrario, M.; Filippi, F.; Fils, J.; Fiorito, R.; Fonseca, R. A.; Galimberti, M.; Gallo, A.; Garzella, D.; Gastinel, P.; Giove, D.; Giribono, A.; Gizzi, L. A.; Grüner, F. J.; Habib, A. F.; Haefner, L. C.; Heinemann, T.; Hidding, B.; Holzer, B. J.; Hooker, S. M.; Hosokai, T.; Irman, A.; Jaroszynski, D. A.; Jaster-Merz, S.; Joshi, C.; Kaluza, M.C.; Kando, M.; Karger, O. S.; Karsch, S.; Khazanov, E.; Khikhlukha, D.; Knetsch, A.; Kocon, D.; Koester, P.; Kononenko, O.; Korn, G.; Kostyukov, I.; Labate, L.; Lechner, C.; Leemans, W. P.; Lehrach, A.; Li, F. Y.; Li, X.; Libov, V.; Lifschitz, A.; Litvinenko, V.; Lu, W.; Maier, A. R.; Malka, V.; Manahan, G. G.; Mangles, S. P. D.; Marchetti, B.; Marocchino, A.; Ossa, l.; Martins, J. L.; Massimo, F.; Mathieu, F.; Maynard, G.; Mehrling, T. J.; Molodozhentsev, A. Y.; Mosnier, A.; Mostacci, A.; Mueller, A. S.; Najmudin, Z.; Nghiem, P. A. P.; Nguyen, F.; Niknejadi, P.; Osterhoff, J.; Papadopoulos, D.; Patrizi, B.; Pattathil, R.; Petrillo, V.; Pocsai, M. A.; Poder, K.; Pompili, R.; Pribyl, L.; Pugacheva, D.; Romeo, S.; Rossi, A. R.; Roussel, E.; Sahai, A. A.; Scherkl, P.; Schramm, U.; Schroeder, C. B.; Schwindling, J.; Scifo, J.; Serafini, L.; Sheng, Z. M.; Silva, L. O.; Silva, T.; Simon, C.; Sinha, U.; Specka, A.; Streeter, M. J. V.; Svystun, E. N.; Symes, D.; Szwaj, C.; Tauscher, G.; Thomas, A. G. R.; Thompson, N.; Toci, G.; Tomassini, P.; Vaccarezza, C.; Vannini, M.; Vieira, J. M.; Villa, F.; Wahlström, C.-G.; Walczak, R.; Weikum, M. K.; Welsch, C. P.; Wiemann, C.; Wolfenden, J.; Xia, G.; Yabashi, M.; Yu, L.; Zhu, J.; Zigler, A.
Horizon 2020 EuPRAXIA design study
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 874 :012029
January 2017
File:http://stacks.iop.org/1742-6596/874/i=1/a=012029
Liebetrau, H.; Hornung, M.; Keppler, S.; Hellwing, M.; Kessler, A.; Schorcht, F.; Hein, J.; Kaluza, M.C.
Intracavity stretcher for chirped-pulse amplification in high-power laser systems
Optics Letters, 42 :326
January 2017
DOI:10.1364/OL.42.000326
Hoffmann, A.; Egelkamp, C.; Winters, D.; Kühl, T.; Spielmann, C.
Online Monitoring of Laser-Generated XUV Radiation Spectra by Surface Reflectivity Measurements with Particle Detectors
Applied Sciences, 7 :70
January 2017
DOI:10.3390/app7010070
Kahle, M.; Körner, J.; Hein, J.; Kaluza, M.C.
Performance of a quantum defect minimized disk laser based on cryogenically cooled Yb:CaF2
Optics & Laser Technology, 92 :19
January 2017
DOI:10.1016/j.optlastec.2016.12.025
Minamisono, K.; Rossi, D. M.; Beerwerth, R.; Fritzsche, S.; Garand, D.; Klose, A.; Liu, Y.; Maass, B.; Mantica, P. F.; Miller, A. J.; Müller, P.; Nazarewicz, W.; Nörtershäuser, W.; Olsen, E.; Pearson, M. R.; Reinhard, P.-G.; Saperstein, E. E.; Sumithrarachchi, C.; Tolokonnikov, S. V.
Charge Radii of Neutron Deficient ⁵²,⁵³Fe Produced by Projectile Fragmentation
Physical Review Letters, 117 :252501
December 2016
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.252501
Yeung, M.; Rykovanov, S.; Bierbach, J.; Li, L.; Eckner, E.; Kuschel, S.; Woldegeorgis, A.; Rödel, C.; Sävert, A.; Paulus, G.G.; Coughlan, M.; Dromey, B.; Zepf, M.
Experimental observation of attosecond control over relativistic electron bunches with two-colour fields
Nature Photonics, 32 :11
December 2016
DOI:10.1038/nphoton.2016.239
Breitkopf, S.; Wunderlich, S.; Eidam, T.; Shestaev, E.; Holzberger, S.; Gottschall, T.; Carstens, H.; Tünnermann, A.; Pupeza, I.; Limpert, J.
Extraction of enhanced, ultrashort laser pulses from a passive 10-MHz stack-and-dump cavity
Applied Physics B, 122 :297
December 2016
DOI:10.1007/s00340-016-6574-x
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