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Dear colleagues and friends of the HI-Jena,

we are glad to provide you with the March 2023 issue of the newsletter of the Helmholtz Institute Jena.
Below you find informations and news about recent activities of our institute.

Kind Regards,
Helmholtz Institute Jena

New Regimes of Nuclear Resonance Excitation: First Experiments at the European XFEL

Ralf Röhlsberger for the MCLS* collaboration and for the 45Sc collaboration

The nuclear resonances of Mössbauer isotopes provide extremely narrow energy references for high-resolution spectroscopy. This qualifies them for applications in condensed matter physics as well as for studies in fundamental physics and extreme metrology. Since the pioneering experiment by E. Gerdau et al. [1] at the storage ring DORIS (DESY, Hamburg), the technique of nuclear resonance scattering has found widespread applications at hard X-ray synchrotron radiation sources worldwide. Its implementation and use at hard X-ray laser sources started with one experiment performed at SACLA in Japan reported so far [2].

In 2022 we could perform the first experiments on nuclear resonance scattering at the European XFEL. One study was conducted at the 14.4 keV resonance of 57Fe aiming at applications in x-ray quantum optics in a collaboration with researchers from Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, the Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, the University of Freiburg and DESY. The other experiment, initiated by researchers from Argonne National Laboratory and Texas A&M University in College Station, USA, succeeded to achieve the first photonic excitation of the ultranarrow 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc for future applications in extreme metrology.

Employing the 14.4 keV nuclear resonance of 57Fe we aimed at the realization of multiphoton excitation in forward scattering from an ensemble of Mössbauer nuclei. Due to the radiative coupling between the nuclei in the ensemble, an enhanced decay rate (superradiance, SR) and collective energy shifts (collective Lamb shift, CLS) appear as characteristic signatures in the scattered light. So far, SR and CLS have been extensively studied in the single-photon excitation regime at synchrotrons. Here we were aiming to reveal the spectral properties of the nuclear exciton under multiphoton excitation conditions, especially with the goal to determine the CLS as function of the number of photons that resonantly excite the nuclear ensemble. So far, the spectral properties under multiphoton excitation conditions have neither been approached theoretically nor experimentally. Our experiment in 2022 was mainly devoted to reliably detect the nuclear forward scattering signal in the presence of the extremely intense radiation pulses of the European XFEL. To our great surprise, under these conditions a 8 mm thick 57Fe foil appeared to be only 1 mm thick, as illustrated in Fig.1. The microscopic mechanism for this unique behavior is still under investigation.

The 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc is one of the narrowest nuclear resonances known with a half width of 1.4 femto-eV. In several aspects this isotope is superior to the 8.3 eV 229mTh isomer for extreme metrology applications. The scientific potential of the 45Sc resonance together with the possibility to resonantly excite it by photons from modern accelerator-based hard x-ray sources was identified more than 30 years ago [3]. However, it escaped detection until now, mostly due to the lack of hard x-ray sources with sufficient spectral flux. In this experiment the nuclear resonance of 45Sc was successfully observed by irradiation of a Sc metal foil with 12.4-keV x-ray pulses of sub-millisecond duration and detection of the 4 keV delayed K-fluorescence that followed internal nuclear conversion. The resonance energy, which was known before the experiment to an uncertainty of +/- 50 eV only was determined with sub-eV accuracy. Our results set the stage for further studies of this isotope with promising applications in fundamental physics and extreme metrology.

Both experiments greatly benefitted from the high pulse repetition rate in conjunction with hard x-ray self-seeding (HXRSS) at the respective nuclear resonance energies, providing the spectral flux for efficient nuclear resonance excitation. A unique pulse pattern will be extremely beneficial for future studies at the 45Sc resonance, in particular for the analysis of hyperfine interactions via nuclear forward scattering.

References

* Multiphoton Collective Lamb Shift
[1] E. Gerdau et al., Nuclear Bragg diffraction of synchrotron radiation in yttrium iron garnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 835 (1985).
[2] A. I. Chumakov et al., Superradiance of an ensemble of nuclei excited by a free electron laser, Nature Physics 14, 261 (2018).
[3] Yu. V. Shvyd’ko and G. V. Smirnov, On the direct measurement of nuclear resonance parameters of long-lived (>=1s) isomers. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 51, 452 (1990).

News and Announcements

Semiannual Meeting of the HI Jena

We kindly invite you to the Helmholtz Institute Jena semiannual palaver. The detailed agenda can be found here. Zoom link: 670 9407 9947
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Team of the Helmholtz Institute Jena one of the winners at the DIHP Elevator Pitch 2023

Five teams awarded at the Ideas Pitch 2023 at the "Digital Innovation Hub Photonics" (DIHP)  To support start-ups and fresh ideas in the field of optics and photonics:…
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Robert Klas is awarded Hugo Geiger Prize 2023

Dr. Robert Klas, from Helmholtz Institute Jena and Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, has received this year’s “Hugo Geiger Award…
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10th Joint RS-APS & HGS-HIRe Lecture Week on APPA Research at FAIR

At the end of February 2023 the Research School of Advanced Photon Science (RS-APS) of the Helmholtz Institute Jena organized already its 10th edition of its “Joint…
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Upcoming events

Upcoming events

DateTitleLocation

Recently finished theses

Riedel, R.
Pulse Metrology Tool and Burst-Mode Laser Amplifier for the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg
Universität Hamburg; Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften
December 2013
File:https://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/handle/ediss/5213
Ecker, B.
Entwicklung kohärenter Lichtquellen im XUV-Regime
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
November 2013
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-1781
Hahn, C.
Energie- und polarisationssensitiver Nachweis harter Röntgenstrahlung an Hochintensitätslasern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_msc.pdf
Geithner, R.
Optimierung eines kryogenen Stromkomparators für den Einsatz als Strahlmonitor
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00023556
Rathje, T.
Photodissoziation des Wasserstoffmolekülions durch Einzelzyklenlaserpulse
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/trathje_phd.pdf
Seegert, N.
Quantum Reflection at Strong Magnetic Fields
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/nseegert_msc.pdf
Herdrich, M. O.
Ionisationsquerschnitte von Uranionen in Speicherringen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mherdrich_bsc.pdf
Müller, R. A.
Angular and Polarisation Properties of Bremsstrahlung Radiation in the Short-Wavelength Limit
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
August 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/rmueller_bsc.pdf
Blinne, A.
Paarproduktion in rotierenden elektrischen Feldern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
March 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/ablinne_msc.pdf
Kienel, M.
Passive Coherent Beam Combining of Temporally Cascaded Pulses
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
January 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mkienel_msc.pdf
Lötzsch, R.
Bent crystal X-ray optics for the diagnosis and applications of laser-produced plasmas
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
November 2012
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00022009
Aurand, B.
Untersuchungen zu Mechanismen der Laser-Teilchenbeschleunigung
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
June 2012
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-2060
Fuchs, S.
Optische Kohärenztomografie mit kurzen Wellenlängen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
April 2012
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/sfuchs_dip.pdf
Märtin, R.
Röntgenpolarimetrie angewandt zur Untersuchung der Bremsstrahlung spinpolarisierter Elektronen
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie
September 2011
File:http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/12675/
Hahn, C.
Charakterisierung ortsauflösender Halbleiterdetektoren für harte Röntgenstrahlung
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_bsc.pdf
Reuter, M.
Interferometric Probing of Laser Generated Plasmas for Electron Acceleration
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
July 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mreuter_dip.pdf

Recent publications

Gassner, T.; Trassinelli, M.; Hess, R.; Spillmann, U.; Banaś, D.; Blumenhagen, K.-H.; Bosch, F.; Brandau, C.; Chen, W.; Dimopoulou, C.; Förster, E.; Grisenti, R.; Gumberidze, A.; Hagmann, S.; Hillenbrand, P.-M.; Indelicato, P.; Jagodzinski, P.; Kämpfer, T.; Kozhuharov, Ch.; Lestinsky, M.; Liesen, D.; Litvinov, Yu. A.; Loetzsch, R.; Manil, B.; Märtin, R.; Nolden, F.; Petridis, N.; Sanjari, M. S.; Schulze, K.; Schwemlein, M.; Simionovici, A.; Steck, M.; Stöhlker, T.; Szabo, C. I.; Trotsenko, S.; Uschmann, I.; Weber, G.; Wehrhan, O.; Winckler, N.; Winters, D.; Winters, N.; Ziegler, E.; Beyer, H.
Wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy in the hard x-ray regime of a heavy highly-charged ion: the 1s Lamb shift in hydrogen-like gold
New Journal of Physics, 20 :073033
July 2018
DOI:10.1088/1367-2630/aad01d
Herzer, S.; Woldegeorgis, A.; Polz, J.; Reinhard, A.; Almassarani, M.; Beleites, B.; Ronneberger, F.; Grosse, R.; Paulus, G.G.; Huebner, U.; May, T.; Gopal, A.
An investigation on THz yield from laser-produced solid density plasmas at relativistic laser intensities
New Journal of Physics, 20 :063019
June 2018
DOI:10.1088/1367-2630/aaada0
Hendi, S.; Panah, B. E.; Panahiyan, S.; Liu, H.; Meng, X.-H.
Black holes in massive gravity as heat engines
Physics Letters B, 781 :40
June 2018
DOI:10.1016/j.physletb.2018.03.072
Zille, D.; Adolph, D.; Möller, M.; Sayler, A. M.; Paulus, G.G.
Chirp and carrier-envelope-phase effects in the multiphoton regime: measurements and analytical modeling of strong-field ionization of sodium
New Journal of Physics, 20 :063018
June 2018
DOI:10.1088/1367-2630/aac3ca
Seidel, P.; Tympel, V.; Neubert, R.; Golm, J.; Schmelz, M.; Stolz, R.; Zakosarenko, V.; Sieber, T.; Schwickert, M.; Kurian, F.; Schmidl, F.; Stöhlker, T.
Cryogenic Current Comparators for Larger Beamlines
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 28 :1
June 2018
DOI:10.1109/TASC.2018.2815647
Günther, M. M.; Volotka, A. V.; Jentschel, M.; Fritzsche, S.; Stöhlker, T.; Thirolf, P. G.; Zepf, M.
Dispersive refraction of different light to heavy materials at MeV γ-ray energies
Physical Review A, 97 :063843
June 2018
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.97.063843
Tadesse, G.; Eschen, W.; Klas, R.; Hilbert, V.; Schelle, D.; Nathanael, A.; Zilk, M.; Steinert, M.; Schrempel, F.; Pertsch, T.; Tünnermann, A.; Limpert, J.; Rothhardt, J.
High resolution XUV Fourier transform holography on a table top
Scientific Reports, 8 :8677
June 2018
DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-27030-y
Popov, R.; Bondarev, A.; Kozhedub, Y.; Maltsev, I.; Shabaev, V.; Tupitsyn, I.; Ma, X.; Plunien, G.; Stöhlker, T.
One-center calculations of the electron-positron pair creation in low-energy collisions of heavy bare nuclei
The European Physical Journal D, 72 :115
June 2018
DOI:10.1140/epjd/e2018-90056-4
Raeder, S.; Ackermann, D.; Backe, H.; Beerwerth, R.; Berengut, J. C.; Block, M.; Borschevsky, A.; Cheal, B.; Chhetri, P.; Düllmann, Ch. E.; Dzuba, V. A.; Eliav, E.; Even, J.; Ferrer, R.; Flambaum, V. V.; Fritzsche, S.; Giacoppo, F.; Götz, S.; Heßberger, F. P.; Huyse, M.; Kaldor, U.; Kaleja, O.; Khuyagbaatar, J.; Kunz, P.; Laatiaoui, M.; Lautenschläger, F.; Lauth, W.; Mistry, A. K.; Minaya Ramirez, E.; Nazarewicz, W.; Porsev, S. G.; Safronova, M. S.; Safronova, U. I.; Schuetrumpf, B.; Van Duppen, P.; Walther, T.; Wraith, C.; Yakushev, A.
Probing Sizes and Shapes of Nobelium Isotopes by Laser Spectroscopy
Physical Review Letters, 120 :232503
June 2018
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.232503
Körner, J.; Lühder, T.; Reiter, J.; Uschmann, I.; Marschner, H.; Jambunathan, V.; Lucianetti, A.; Mocek, T.; Hein, J.; Kaluza, M.C.
Spectroscopic investigations of thulium doped YAG and YAP crystals between 77 K and 300 K for short-wavelength infrared lasers
Journal of Luminescence, 202 :427
June 2018
DOI:10.1016/j.jlumin.2018.05.070
Micke, P.; Kuhn, S.; Buchauer, L.; Harries, J. R.; Bücking, T. M.; Blaum, K.; Cieluch, A.; Egl, A.; Hollain, D.; Kraemer, S.; Pfeifer, T.; Schmidt, P. O.; Schüssler, R. X.; Schweiger, Ch.; Stöhlker, T.; Sturm, S.; Wolf, R. N.; Bernitt, S.; Crespo López-Urrutia, J. R.
The Heidelberg compact electron beam ion traps
Review of Scientific Instruments, 89 :063109
June 2018
DOI:10.1063/1.5026961
Chemnitz, M.; Scheibinger, R.; Gaida, C.; Gebhardt, M.; Stutzki, F.; Pumpe, S.; Kobelke, J.; Tünnermann, A.; Limpert, J.; Schmidt, M. A.
Thermodynamic control of soliton dynamics in liquid-core fibers
Optica, 5 :695
June 2018
DOI:10.1364/OPTICA.5.000695
Cubiss, J. G.; Barzakh, A. E.; Seliverstov, M. D.; Andreyev, A. N.; Andel, B.; Antalic, S.; Ascher, P.; Atanasov, D.; Beck, D.; Bieron, J.; Blaum, K.; Borgmann, Ch.; Breitenfeldt, M.; Capponi, L.; Cocolios, T. E.; Day Goodacre, T.; Derkx, X.; De Witte, H.; Elseviers, J.; Fedorov, D. V.; Fedosseev, V. N.; Fritzsche, S.; Gaffney, L. P.; George, S.; Ghys, L.; Heßberger, F. P.; Huyse, M.; Imai, N.; Kalaninová, Z.; Kisler, D.; Köster, U.; Kowalska, M.; Kreim, S.; Lane, J. F. W.; Liberati, V.; Lunney, D.; Lynch, K. M.; Manea, V.; Marsh, B. A.; Mitsuoka, S.; Molkanov, P. L.; Nagame, Y.; Neidherr, D.; Nishio, K.; Ota, S.; Pauwels, D.; Popescu, L.; Radulov, D.; Rapisarda, E.; Revill, J. P.; Rosenbusch, M.; Rossel, R. E.; Rothe, S.; Sandhu, K.; Schweikhard, L.; Sels, S.; Truesdale, V. L.; Van Beveren, C.; Van den Bergh, P.; Wakabayashi, Y.; Van Duppen, P.; Wendt, K. D. A.; Wienholtz, F.; Whitmore, B. W.; Wilson, G. L.; Wolf, R. N.; Zuber, K.
Charge radii and electromagnetic moments of ¹⁹⁵⁻²¹¹At
Physical Review C, 97 :054327
May 2018
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevC.97.054327
Singh Sidhu, R.; Glorius, J.; Litvinov, Yu. A.; Pavićević, M. K.; Sanjari, M. S.; Stöhlker, T.
Electroweak Decays of Highly Charged Ions
EPJ Web of Conferences, 178 :01003
May 2018
DOI:10.1051/epjconf/201817801003
Cerchez, M.; Swantusch, M.; Toncian, M.; Zhu, X. M.; Prasad, R.; Toncian, T.; Rödel, Ch.; Jäckel, O.; Paulus, G.G.; Andreev, A. A.; Willi, O.
Enhanced energy absorption of high intensity laser pulses by targets of modulated surface
Applied Physics Letters, 112 :221103
May 2018
DOI:10.1063/1.5030215
Goswami, B.; Volotka, A. V.; Fritzsche, S.
Influence of a stray magnetic field on the measurement of long-range spin-spin interaction
Journal of Physics Communications, 2 :055025
May 2018
DOI:10.1088/2399-6528/aac445
Kleinschmidt, A.; Bagnoud, V.; Deppert, O.; Favalli, A.; Frydrych, S.; Hornung, J.; Jahn, D.; Schaumann, G.; Tebartz, A.; Wagner, F.; Wurden, G.; Zielbauer, B.; Roth, M.
Intense, directed neutron beams from a laser-driven neutron source at PHELIX
Physics of Plasmas, 25 :053101
May 2018
DOI:10.1063/1.5006613
Bilal, M.; Volotka, A. V.; Beerwerth, R.; Fritzsche, S.
Line strengths of QED-sensitive forbidden transitions in B-, Al-, F- and Cl-like ions
Physical Review A, 97 :052506
May 2018
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.97.052506
Hendi, S.; Panah, B.; Panahiyan, S.; Momennia, M.
Magnetic solutions in Einstein-massive gravity with linear and nonlinear fields
The European Physical Journal C, 78 :432
May 2018
DOI:10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-5914-x
Stihler, C.; Jauregui, C.; Tünnermann, A.; Limpert, J.
Modal energy transfer by thermally induced refractive index gratings in Yb-doped fibers
Light: Science & Applications, 7 :59
May 2018
DOI:10.1038/s41377-018-0061-6
Kohlfürst, C.
Phase-space analysis of the Schwinger effect in inhomogeneous electromagnetic fields
The European Physical Journal Plus, 133 :191
May 2018
DOI:10.1140/epjp/i2018-12062-6
Vockert, M.; Weber, G.; Spillmann, U.; Krings, T.; Stöhlker, T.
Polarization reconstruction algorithm for a Compton polarimeter
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1024 :012041
May 2018
DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/1024/1/012041
Torgrimsson, G.; Schneider, C.; Schützhold, R.
Sauter-Schwinger pair creation dynamically assisted by a plane wave
Physical Review D, 97 :096004
May 2018
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.97.096004
Breitkopf, S.; Lilienfein, N.; Achtnich, T.; Zwyssig, C.; Tünnermann, A.; Pupeza, I.; Limpert, J.
Velocity- and pointing-error measurements of a 300 000-r/min self-bearing permanent-magnet motor for optical applications
Review of Scientific Instruments, 89 :063110
May 2018
DOI:10.1063/1.5012834
Hua, Y.; Liu, W.; Hemmer, M.; Zapata, L. E.; Zhou, G.; Schimpf, D. N.; Eidam, T.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.; Kärtner, F. X.; Chang, G.
87-W 1018-nm Yb-fiber ultrafast seeding source for cryogenic Yb: yttrium lithium fluoride amplifier
Optics Letters, 43 :1686
April 2018
DOI:10.1364/OL.43.001686
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