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Dear colleagues and friends of the HI-Jena,

we are glad to provide you with the March 2023 issue of the newsletter of the Helmholtz Institute Jena.
Below you find informations and news about recent activities of our institute.

Kind Regards,
Helmholtz Institute Jena

New Regimes of Nuclear Resonance Excitation: First Experiments at the European XFEL

Ralf Röhlsberger for the MCLS* collaboration and for the 45Sc collaboration

The nuclear resonances of Mössbauer isotopes provide extremely narrow energy references for high-resolution spectroscopy. This qualifies them for applications in condensed matter physics as well as for studies in fundamental physics and extreme metrology. Since the pioneering experiment by E. Gerdau et al. [1] at the storage ring DORIS (DESY, Hamburg), the technique of nuclear resonance scattering has found widespread applications at hard X-ray synchrotron radiation sources worldwide. Its implementation and use at hard X-ray laser sources started with one experiment performed at SACLA in Japan reported so far [2].

In 2022 we could perform the first experiments on nuclear resonance scattering at the European XFEL. One study was conducted at the 14.4 keV resonance of 57Fe aiming at applications in x-ray quantum optics in a collaboration with researchers from Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, the Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, the University of Freiburg and DESY. The other experiment, initiated by researchers from Argonne National Laboratory and Texas A&M University in College Station, USA, succeeded to achieve the first photonic excitation of the ultranarrow 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc for future applications in extreme metrology.

Employing the 14.4 keV nuclear resonance of 57Fe we aimed at the realization of multiphoton excitation in forward scattering from an ensemble of Mössbauer nuclei. Due to the radiative coupling between the nuclei in the ensemble, an enhanced decay rate (superradiance, SR) and collective energy shifts (collective Lamb shift, CLS) appear as characteristic signatures in the scattered light. So far, SR and CLS have been extensively studied in the single-photon excitation regime at synchrotrons. Here we were aiming to reveal the spectral properties of the nuclear exciton under multiphoton excitation conditions, especially with the goal to determine the CLS as function of the number of photons that resonantly excite the nuclear ensemble. So far, the spectral properties under multiphoton excitation conditions have neither been approached theoretically nor experimentally. Our experiment in 2022 was mainly devoted to reliably detect the nuclear forward scattering signal in the presence of the extremely intense radiation pulses of the European XFEL. To our great surprise, under these conditions a 8 mm thick 57Fe foil appeared to be only 1 mm thick, as illustrated in Fig.1. The microscopic mechanism for this unique behavior is still under investigation.

The 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc is one of the narrowest nuclear resonances known with a half width of 1.4 femto-eV. In several aspects this isotope is superior to the 8.3 eV 229mTh isomer for extreme metrology applications. The scientific potential of the 45Sc resonance together with the possibility to resonantly excite it by photons from modern accelerator-based hard x-ray sources was identified more than 30 years ago [3]. However, it escaped detection until now, mostly due to the lack of hard x-ray sources with sufficient spectral flux. In this experiment the nuclear resonance of 45Sc was successfully observed by irradiation of a Sc metal foil with 12.4-keV x-ray pulses of sub-millisecond duration and detection of the 4 keV delayed K-fluorescence that followed internal nuclear conversion. The resonance energy, which was known before the experiment to an uncertainty of +/- 50 eV only was determined with sub-eV accuracy. Our results set the stage for further studies of this isotope with promising applications in fundamental physics and extreme metrology.

Both experiments greatly benefitted from the high pulse repetition rate in conjunction with hard x-ray self-seeding (HXRSS) at the respective nuclear resonance energies, providing the spectral flux for efficient nuclear resonance excitation. A unique pulse pattern will be extremely beneficial for future studies at the 45Sc resonance, in particular for the analysis of hyperfine interactions via nuclear forward scattering.

References

* Multiphoton Collective Lamb Shift
[1] E. Gerdau et al., Nuclear Bragg diffraction of synchrotron radiation in yttrium iron garnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 835 (1985).
[2] A. I. Chumakov et al., Superradiance of an ensemble of nuclei excited by a free electron laser, Nature Physics 14, 261 (2018).
[3] Yu. V. Shvyd’ko and G. V. Smirnov, On the direct measurement of nuclear resonance parameters of long-lived (>=1s) isomers. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 51, 452 (1990).

News and Announcements

Semiannual Meeting of the HI Jena

We kindly invite you to the Helmholtz Institute Jena semiannual palaver. The detailed agenda can be found here. Zoom link: 670 9407 9947
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Team of the Helmholtz Institute Jena one of the winners at the DIHP Elevator Pitch 2023

Five teams awarded at the Ideas Pitch 2023 at the "Digital Innovation Hub Photonics" (DIHP)  To support start-ups and fresh ideas in the field of optics and photonics:…
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Robert Klas is awarded Hugo Geiger Prize 2023

Dr. Robert Klas, from Helmholtz Institute Jena and Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, has received this year’s “Hugo Geiger Award…
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10th Joint RS-APS & HGS-HIRe Lecture Week on APPA Research at FAIR

At the end of February 2023 the Research School of Advanced Photon Science (RS-APS) of the Helmholtz Institute Jena organized already its 10th edition of its “Joint…
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Upcoming events

Upcoming events

DateTitleLocation

Recently finished theses

Riedel, R.
Pulse Metrology Tool and Burst-Mode Laser Amplifier for the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg
Universität Hamburg; Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften
December 2013
File:https://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/handle/ediss/5213
Ecker, B.
Entwicklung kohärenter Lichtquellen im XUV-Regime
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
November 2013
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-1781
Hahn, C.
Energie- und polarisationssensitiver Nachweis harter Röntgenstrahlung an Hochintensitätslasern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_msc.pdf
Geithner, R.
Optimierung eines kryogenen Stromkomparators für den Einsatz als Strahlmonitor
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00023556
Rathje, T.
Photodissoziation des Wasserstoffmolekülions durch Einzelzyklenlaserpulse
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/trathje_phd.pdf
Seegert, N.
Quantum Reflection at Strong Magnetic Fields
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/nseegert_msc.pdf
Herdrich, M. O.
Ionisationsquerschnitte von Uranionen in Speicherringen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mherdrich_bsc.pdf
Müller, R. A.
Angular and Polarisation Properties of Bremsstrahlung Radiation in the Short-Wavelength Limit
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
August 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/rmueller_bsc.pdf
Blinne, A.
Paarproduktion in rotierenden elektrischen Feldern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
March 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/ablinne_msc.pdf
Kienel, M.
Passive Coherent Beam Combining of Temporally Cascaded Pulses
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
January 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mkienel_msc.pdf
Lötzsch, R.
Bent crystal X-ray optics for the diagnosis and applications of laser-produced plasmas
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
November 2012
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00022009
Aurand, B.
Untersuchungen zu Mechanismen der Laser-Teilchenbeschleunigung
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
June 2012
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-2060
Fuchs, S.
Optische Kohärenztomografie mit kurzen Wellenlängen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
April 2012
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/sfuchs_dip.pdf
Märtin, R.
Röntgenpolarimetrie angewandt zur Untersuchung der Bremsstrahlung spinpolarisierter Elektronen
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie
September 2011
File:http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/12675/
Hahn, C.
Charakterisierung ortsauflösender Halbleiterdetektoren für harte Röntgenstrahlung
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_bsc.pdf
Reuter, M.
Interferometric Probing of Laser Generated Plasmas for Electron Acceleration
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
July 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mreuter_dip.pdf

Recent publications

Stöhlker, T.; Kozhuharov, C.; Mokler, P. H.; Warczak, A.; Bosch, F.; Geissel, H.; Moshammer, R.; Scheidenberger, C.; Eichler, J.; Ichihara, A.; Shirai, T.; Stachura, Z.; Rymuza, P.
Radiative Electron-Capture Studied in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Atom Collisions
Physical Review A, 51 :2098
March 1995
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.51.2098
Marrs, R. E.; Beiersdorfer, P.; Elliott, S. R.; Knapp, D. A.; Stoehlker, T.
The Super Electron Beam Ion Trap
Physica Scripta, T59 :183
February 1995
DOI:10.1088/0031-8949/1995/T59/023
Stöhlker, T.; Geissel, H.; Irnich, H.; Kandler, T.; Kozhuharov, C.; Mokler, P. H.; Münzenberg, G.; Nickel, F.; Scheidenberger, C.; Suzuki, T.; Kucharski, M.; Warczak, A.; Rymuza, P.; Stachura, Z.; Kriessbach, A.; Dauvergne, D.; Dunford, B.; Eichler, J.; Ichihara, A.; Shirai, T.
L-Subshell Resolved Photon Angular-Distribution of Radiative Electron-Capture into He-Like Uranium
Physical Review Letters, 73 :3520
December 1994
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.3520
Scheidenberger, C.; Geissel, H.; Mikkelsen, H. H.; Nickel, F.; Brohm, T.; Folger, H.; Irnich, H.; Magel, A.; Mohar, M. F.; Münzenberg, G.; Pfützner, M.; Roeckl, E.; Schall, I.; Schardt, D.; Schmidt, K. H.; Schwab, W.; Steiner, M.; Stöhlker, T.; Sümmerer, K.; Vieira, D. J.; Voss, B.; Weber, M.
Direct Observation of Systematic Deviations from the Bethe Stopping Theory for Relativistic Heavy-Ions
Physical Review Letters, 73 :50
July 1994
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.50
Scheidenberger, C.; Geissel, H.; Stöhlker, T.; Folger, H.; Irnich, H.; Kozhuharov, C.; Magel, A.; Mokler, P. H.; Moshammer, R.; Münzenberg, G.; Nickel, F.; Pfützner, M.; Rymuza, P.; Schwab, W.; Ullrich, J.; Voss, B.
Charge States and Energy-Loss of Relativistic Heavy-Ions in Matter
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 90 :36
May 1994
DOI:10.1016/0168-583x(94)95506-9
Stöhlker, T.; Mokler, P. H.; Beckert, K.; Bosch, F.; Eickhoff, H.; Franzke, B.; Geissel, H.; Jung, M.; Kandler, T.; Klepper, O.; Kozhuharov, C.; Moshammer, R.; Nickel, F.; Nolden, F.; Reich, H.; Rymuza, P.; Scheidenberger, C.; Spadtke, P.; Stachura, Z.; Steck, M.; Warczak, A.
X-Ray-Emission from Very-Heavy H-Like and He-Like Ions in Collisions with Gaseous and Solid Targets
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 87 :64
April 1994
DOI:10.1016/0168-583x(94)95237-X
Mokler, P. H.; Stöhlker, T.; Kozhuharov, C.; Moshammer, R.; Rymuza, P.; Bosch, F.; Kandler, T.
Structure of Very Heavy Few-Electron Ions - New Results from the Heavy-Ion Storage-Ring, Esr
Physica Scripta, T51 :28
1994
DOI:10.1088/0031-8949/1994/T51/004
Mokler, P. H.; Stöhlker, T.; Buttner, R.; Schartner, K. H.
Equilibrium Charge-State Distributions for 3-16 Mev/U Ni Ions
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 83 :37
October 1993
DOI:10.1016/0168-583x(93)95904-J
Stöhlker, T.; Mokler, P. H.; Beckert, K.; Bosch, F.; Eickhoff, H.; Franzke, B.; Jung, M.; Kandler, T.; Klepper, O.; Kozhuharov, C.; Moshammer, R.; Nolden, F.; Reich, H.; Rymuza, P.; Spadtke, P.; Steck, M.
Ground-State Lamb Shift for Hydrogenlike Uranium Measured at the Esr Storage-Ring
Physical Review Letters, 71 :2184
May 1993
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.2184
Rymuza, P.; Stöhlker, T.; Cocke, C. L.; Geissel, H.; Kozhuharov, C.; Mokler, H.; Moshammer, R.; Nickel, F.; Scheidenberger, C.; Stachura, Z.; Ullrich, J.; Warczak, A.
Deviation from 1st-Order Perturbation-Theory Observed at Intermediate Relativistic Velocities for the Ionization of Highly-Charged Heavy Projectiles
Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 26 :L169
April 1993
DOI:10.1088/0953-4075/26/7/004
Jung, M.; Bosch, F.; Beckert, K.; Eickhoff, H.; Folger, H.; Franzke, B.; Gruber, A.; Kienle, P.; Klepper, O.; Koenig, W.; Kozhuharov, C.; Mann, R.; Moshammer, R.; Nolden, F.; Schaaf, U.; Soff, G.; Spadtke, P.; Steck, M.; Stöhlker, T.; Sümmerer, K.
1st Observation of Bound-State Beta-Decay
Nuclear Physics A, 553 :C309
March 1993
DOI:10.1016/0375-9474(93)90631-7
Stöhlker, T.; Mokler, P. H.; Geissel, H.; Bernstein, E. M.; Cocke, C. L.; Kozhuharov, C.; Moshammer, R.; Münzenberg, G.; Nickel, F.; Rymuza, P.; Scheidenberger, C.; Stachura, Z.; Ullrich, J.; Warczak, A.
Electron-Capture Studies for Highly-Charged Bi-Ions
Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 126 :319
1993
DOI:10.1080/10420159308219734
Stöhlker, T.; Kozhuharov, C.; Mokler, P. H.; Olson, R. E.; Stachura, Z.; Warczak, A.
Single and Double Electron-Capture in Collisions of Highly Ionized, Decelerated Ge Ions with Ne
Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 25 :4527
November 1992
DOI:10.1088/0953-4075/25/21/019
Stöhlker, T.; Mokler, P. H.; Geissel, H.; Moshammer, R.; Rymuza, P.; Bernstein, E. M.; Cocke, C. L.; Kozhuharov, C.; Münzenberg, G.; Nickel, F.; Scheidenberger, C.; Stachura, Z.; Ullrich, J.; Warczak, A.
Ground-State Transitions in One-Electron and 2-Electron Bi Projectiles
Physics Letters A, 168 :285
August 1992
DOI:10.1016/0375-9601(92)91133-C
Stöhlker, T.; Kozhuharov, C.; Livingston, A. E.; Mokler, P. H.; Stachura, Z.; Warczak, A.
Radiative Electron-Capture into the K-Shell, L-Shell and M-Shell of Decelerated, Hydrogenic Ge Projectiles
Zeitschrift Für Physik D - Atoms Molecules and Clusters, 23 :121
June 1992
DOI:10.1007/BF01436733
Stöhlker, T.; Geissel, H.; Folger, H.; Kozhuharov, C.; Mokler, P. H.; Münzenberg, G.; Schardt, D.; Schwab, T.; Steiner, M.; Stelzer, H.; Sümmerer, K.
Equilibrium Charge State Distributions for Relativistic Heavy-Ions
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 61 :408
October 1991
DOI:10.1016/0168-583x(91)95313-3
Mokler, P. H.; Stöhlker, T.; Kozhuharov, C.; Stachura, Z.; Warczak, A.
Radiative Electron-Capture - a Tool for Structure Studies of Heavy Few-Electron Ions
Zeitschrift Für Physik D - Atoms Molecules and Clusters, 21 :197
September 1991
DOI:10.1007/BF01426372
Stöhlker, T.; Mokler, P. H.; Kozhuharov, C.; Livingston, E. A.; Ullrich, J.
Capture of Quasi-Free Electrons into Highly Charged, Heavy Projectiles
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 56-7 :86
May 1991
DOI:10.1016/0168-583x(91)95978-M
Stöhlker, T.; Kozhuharov, C.; Livingston, A. E.; Mokler, P. H.; Ullrich, J.; Fricke, B.
2-Photon Decay of the 1s2s S-1(0) State in Kr-36(34+) Produced by Resonant Transfer and Excitation
Zeitschrift Für Physik D - Atoms Molecules and Clusters, 21 :S233
March 1991
DOI:10.1007/BF01426302
Warczak, A.; Stachura, Z.; Szymanski, A.; Stöhlker, T.; Kozhuharov, C.; Livingston, A. E.; Mokler, P. H.; Reusch, S.
Evidence for Resonant 2-Electron Capture and Excitation in Collisions of H-Like Ge with Ne
Physics Letters A, 146 :122
May 1990
DOI:10.1016/0375-9601(90)90649-9
Mokler, P. H.; Reusch, S.; Stöhlker, T.
Heavy-Ion Beam Tailoring Using Dielectronic Recombination
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section a-Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, 278 :93
May 1989
DOI:10.1016/0168-9002(89)91138-8
Mokler, P. H.; Reusch, S.; Stöhlker, T.; Schuch, R.; Schulz, M.; Wintermeyer, G.; Stachura, Z.; Warczak, A.; Müller, A.; Awaya, Y.; Kambara, T.
Resonant Transfer and Excitation in Swift, Heavy Few-Electron Projectiles
Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 110 :39
January 1989
DOI:10.1080/10420158908214157
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