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Dear colleagues and friends of the HI-Jena,

we are glad to provide you with the March 2023 issue of the newsletter of the Helmholtz Institute Jena.
Below you find informations and news about recent activities of our institute.

Kind Regards,
Helmholtz Institute Jena

New Regimes of Nuclear Resonance Excitation: First Experiments at the European XFEL

Ralf Röhlsberger for the MCLS* collaboration and for the 45Sc collaboration

The nuclear resonances of Mössbauer isotopes provide extremely narrow energy references for high-resolution spectroscopy. This qualifies them for applications in condensed matter physics as well as for studies in fundamental physics and extreme metrology. Since the pioneering experiment by E. Gerdau et al. [1] at the storage ring DORIS (DESY, Hamburg), the technique of nuclear resonance scattering has found widespread applications at hard X-ray synchrotron radiation sources worldwide. Its implementation and use at hard X-ray laser sources started with one experiment performed at SACLA in Japan reported so far [2].

In 2022 we could perform the first experiments on nuclear resonance scattering at the European XFEL. One study was conducted at the 14.4 keV resonance of 57Fe aiming at applications in x-ray quantum optics in a collaboration with researchers from Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, the Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, the University of Freiburg and DESY. The other experiment, initiated by researchers from Argonne National Laboratory and Texas A&M University in College Station, USA, succeeded to achieve the first photonic excitation of the ultranarrow 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc for future applications in extreme metrology.

Employing the 14.4 keV nuclear resonance of 57Fe we aimed at the realization of multiphoton excitation in forward scattering from an ensemble of Mössbauer nuclei. Due to the radiative coupling between the nuclei in the ensemble, an enhanced decay rate (superradiance, SR) and collective energy shifts (collective Lamb shift, CLS) appear as characteristic signatures in the scattered light. So far, SR and CLS have been extensively studied in the single-photon excitation regime at synchrotrons. Here we were aiming to reveal the spectral properties of the nuclear exciton under multiphoton excitation conditions, especially with the goal to determine the CLS as function of the number of photons that resonantly excite the nuclear ensemble. So far, the spectral properties under multiphoton excitation conditions have neither been approached theoretically nor experimentally. Our experiment in 2022 was mainly devoted to reliably detect the nuclear forward scattering signal in the presence of the extremely intense radiation pulses of the European XFEL. To our great surprise, under these conditions a 8 mm thick 57Fe foil appeared to be only 1 mm thick, as illustrated in Fig.1. The microscopic mechanism for this unique behavior is still under investigation.

The 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc is one of the narrowest nuclear resonances known with a half width of 1.4 femto-eV. In several aspects this isotope is superior to the 8.3 eV 229mTh isomer for extreme metrology applications. The scientific potential of the 45Sc resonance together with the possibility to resonantly excite it by photons from modern accelerator-based hard x-ray sources was identified more than 30 years ago [3]. However, it escaped detection until now, mostly due to the lack of hard x-ray sources with sufficient spectral flux. In this experiment the nuclear resonance of 45Sc was successfully observed by irradiation of a Sc metal foil with 12.4-keV x-ray pulses of sub-millisecond duration and detection of the 4 keV delayed K-fluorescence that followed internal nuclear conversion. The resonance energy, which was known before the experiment to an uncertainty of +/- 50 eV only was determined with sub-eV accuracy. Our results set the stage for further studies of this isotope with promising applications in fundamental physics and extreme metrology.

Both experiments greatly benefitted from the high pulse repetition rate in conjunction with hard x-ray self-seeding (HXRSS) at the respective nuclear resonance energies, providing the spectral flux for efficient nuclear resonance excitation. A unique pulse pattern will be extremely beneficial for future studies at the 45Sc resonance, in particular for the analysis of hyperfine interactions via nuclear forward scattering.

References

* Multiphoton Collective Lamb Shift
[1] E. Gerdau et al., Nuclear Bragg diffraction of synchrotron radiation in yttrium iron garnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 835 (1985).
[2] A. I. Chumakov et al., Superradiance of an ensemble of nuclei excited by a free electron laser, Nature Physics 14, 261 (2018).
[3] Yu. V. Shvyd’ko and G. V. Smirnov, On the direct measurement of nuclear resonance parameters of long-lived (>=1s) isomers. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 51, 452 (1990).

News and Announcements

Semiannual Meeting of the HI Jena

We kindly invite you to the Helmholtz Institute Jena semiannual palaver. The detailed agenda can be found here. Zoom link: 670 9407 9947
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Team of the Helmholtz Institute Jena one of the winners at the DIHP Elevator Pitch 2023

Five teams awarded at the Ideas Pitch 2023 at the "Digital Innovation Hub Photonics" (DIHP)  To support start-ups and fresh ideas in the field of optics and photonics:…
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Robert Klas is awarded Hugo Geiger Prize 2023

Dr. Robert Klas, from Helmholtz Institute Jena and Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, has received this year’s “Hugo Geiger Award…
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10th Joint RS-APS & HGS-HIRe Lecture Week on APPA Research at FAIR

At the end of February 2023 the Research School of Advanced Photon Science (RS-APS) of the Helmholtz Institute Jena organized already its 10th edition of its “Joint…
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Upcoming events

Upcoming events

DateTitleLocation

Recently finished theses

Riedel, R.
Pulse Metrology Tool and Burst-Mode Laser Amplifier for the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg
Universität Hamburg; Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften
December 2013
File:https://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/handle/ediss/5213
Ecker, B.
Entwicklung kohärenter Lichtquellen im XUV-Regime
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
November 2013
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-1781
Hahn, C.
Energie- und polarisationssensitiver Nachweis harter Röntgenstrahlung an Hochintensitätslasern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_msc.pdf
Geithner, R.
Optimierung eines kryogenen Stromkomparators für den Einsatz als Strahlmonitor
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00023556
Rathje, T.
Photodissoziation des Wasserstoffmolekülions durch Einzelzyklenlaserpulse
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/trathje_phd.pdf
Seegert, N.
Quantum Reflection at Strong Magnetic Fields
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/nseegert_msc.pdf
Herdrich, M. O.
Ionisationsquerschnitte von Uranionen in Speicherringen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mherdrich_bsc.pdf
Müller, R. A.
Angular and Polarisation Properties of Bremsstrahlung Radiation in the Short-Wavelength Limit
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
August 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/rmueller_bsc.pdf
Blinne, A.
Paarproduktion in rotierenden elektrischen Feldern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
March 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/ablinne_msc.pdf
Kienel, M.
Passive Coherent Beam Combining of Temporally Cascaded Pulses
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
January 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mkienel_msc.pdf
Lötzsch, R.
Bent crystal X-ray optics for the diagnosis and applications of laser-produced plasmas
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
November 2012
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00022009
Aurand, B.
Untersuchungen zu Mechanismen der Laser-Teilchenbeschleunigung
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
June 2012
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-2060
Fuchs, S.
Optische Kohärenztomografie mit kurzen Wellenlängen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
April 2012
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/sfuchs_dip.pdf
Märtin, R.
Röntgenpolarimetrie angewandt zur Untersuchung der Bremsstrahlung spinpolarisierter Elektronen
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie
September 2011
File:http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/12675/
Hahn, C.
Charakterisierung ortsauflösender Halbleiterdetektoren für harte Röntgenstrahlung
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_bsc.pdf
Reuter, M.
Interferometric Probing of Laser Generated Plasmas for Electron Acceleration
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
July 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mreuter_dip.pdf

Recent publications

Hendi, S.; Tavakkoli, A.; Panahiyan, S.; Panah, B.; Hackmann, E.
Simulation of geodesic trajectory of charged BTZ black holes in massive gravity
European Physical Journal C, 80 :524
2020
DOI:10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8065-9
Lestinsky, M.; Andelkovic, Z.; Bai, M.; Bräuning-Demian, A.; Chetvertkova, V.; Fedotova, S.; Geithner, O.; Geithner, W.; Gorda, O.; Herfurth, F.; Kalinin, A.; Källberg, A.; Litvinov, S.; Menz, E.; Mohr, K.; Sanchez, R.; Stöhlker, T.; Vorobjev, G.; Weinrich, U.
Status of CRYRING@ESR and preparations for first experiments
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1412 :23007
2020
DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/1412/23/232007
Wustelt, P.; Kübel, M.; Paulus, G.; Sayler, A.
Strong-field laser-induced fragmentation of small molecules from fast to slow
Advances in Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 69 :67
2020
DOI:10.1016/bs.aamop.2020.04.002
Körner, J.; Krüger, M.; Reiter, J.; Münzer, A.; Hein, J.; Kaluza, M.
Temperature dependent spectroscopic study of Yb3+-doped KG(WO4)2, KY(WO4)2, YAlO3 and YLiF4 for laser applications
Optical Materials Express, 10 :2425
2020
DOI:10.1364/OME.398740
Płaczek, W.; Abramov, A.; Alden, S. E.; Alemany Fernandez, R.; Antsiferov, P. S.; Apyan, A.; Bartosik, H.; Bessonov, E. G.; Biancacci, N.; Bieron, J.; Bogacz, A.; Bosco, A.; Bruce, R.; Budker, D.; Cassou, K.; Castelli, F.; Chaikovska, I.; Curatolo, C.; Czodrowski, P.; Derevianko, A.; Dupraz, K.; Dutheil, Y.; Dzierżęga, K.; Fedosseev, V.; Fuster Martinez, N.; Gibson, S. M.; Goddard, B.; Gorzawski, A.; Hirlander, S.; Jowett, J. M.; Kersevan, R.; Kowalska, M.; Krasny, M. W.; Kroeger, F.; Kuchler, D.; Lamont, M.; Lefevre, T.; Manglunki, D.; Marsh, B.; Martens, A.; Molson, J.; Nutarelli, D.; Nevay, L. J.; Petrenko, A.; Petrillo, V.; Redaelli, S.; Peinaud, Y.; Pustelny, S.; Rochester, S.; Sapinski, M.; Schaumann, M.; Scrivens, R.; Serafini, L.; Shevelko, V. P.; Stoehlker, T.; Surzhykov, A.; Tolstikhina, I.; Velotti, F.; Weber, G.; Wu, Y. K.; Yin-Vallgren, C.; Zanetti, M.; Zimmermann, F.; Zolotorev, M. S.; Zomer, F.
The Gamma Factory Project at CERN: a New Generation of Research Tools Made of Light
Acta Physica Polonica B, 13 :645
2020
DOI:10.5506/APhysPolBSupp.13.645
Schury, D.; Méry, A.; Ramillon, J.; Adoui, L.; Chesnel, J.-Y.; Lévy, A.; Macé, S.; Prigent, C.; Rangama, J.; Rousseau, P.; Steydli, S.; Trassinelli, M.; Vernhet, D.; Gumberidze, A.; Stöhlker, T.; Bruning-Demian, A.; Hahn, C.; Spillmann, U.; Lamour, E.
The low energy beamline of the FISIC experiment: Current status of construction and performance
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1412 :162011
2020
DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/1412/16/162011
Varga, L.; Blaum, K.; Davinson, T.; Glorius, J.; Jurado, B.; Langer, C.; Lederer-Woods, C.; Litvinov, Y.; Reifarth, R.; Slavkovská, Z.; Stöhlker, T.; Woods, P.; Xing, Y.
Towards background-free studies of capture reactions in a heavy-ion storage ring
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1412 :232011
2020
DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/1412/23/232011
Jauregui, C.; Stihler, C.; Limpert, J.
Transverse mode instability
Advances in Optics and Photonics, 12 :429
2020
DOI:10.1364/AOP.385184
Stoyanov, L.; Maleshkov, G.; Zhekova, M.; Stefanov, I.; Paulus, G.; Dreischuh, A.
Controllable beam reshaping by mixing square-shaped and hexagonal optical vortex lattices
Scientific Reports, 9 :2128
December 2019
DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-38608-5
Saule, T.; Heinrich, S.; Schötz, J.; Lilienfein, N.; Högner, M.; DeVries, O.; Plötner, M.; Weitenberg, J.; Esser, D.; Schulte, J.; Russbueldt, P.; Limpert, J.; Kling, M.; Kleineberg, U.; Pupeza, I.
High-flux ultrafast extreme-ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy at 18.4 MHz pulse repetition rate
Nature Communications, 10 :458
December 2019
DOI:10.1038/s41467-019-08367-y
Bagnoud, V.; Hornung, J.; Afshari, M.; Eisenbarth, U.; Brabetz, C.; Major, Z.; Zielbauer, B.
Implementation of a phase plate for the generation of homogeneous focal-spot intensity distributions at the high-energy short-pulse laser facility PHELIX
High Power Laser Science and Engineering, 7 :E62
December 2019
DOI:10.1017/hpl.2019.48
Wang, J. W.; Zepf, M.; Rykovanov, S.
Intense attosecond pulses carrying orbital angularmomentum using laser plasma interactions
Nature Communications, 10 :5554
December 2019
DOI:10.1038/s41467-019-13357-1
Stoyanov, L.; Maleshkov, G.; Zhekova, M.; Stefanov, I.; Paulus, G.; Dreischuh, A.
Multi-spot focal pattern formation and beam reshaping by mixing square-shaped and hexagonal vortex lattices
Proceedings of SPIE, 11332 :18
December 2019
DOI:10.1117/12.2554013
Beerwerth, R.; Buhr, T.; Perry-Sassmannshausen, A.; Stock, S. O.; Bari, S.; Holste, K.; Kilcoyne, A. L. D.; Reinwardt, S.; Ricz, S.; Savin, D. W.; Schubert, K.; Martins, M.; Müller, A.; Fritzsche, S.; Schippers, S.
Near L-edge Single and Multiple Photoionization of Triply Charged Iron Ions
The Astrophysical Journal, 887 :189
December 2019
DOI:10.3847/1538-4357/ab5118
Barbato, F.; Atzeni, S.; Batani, D.; Bleiner, D.; Boutoux, G.; Brabetz, C.; Bradford, P.; Mancelli, D.; Neumayer, P.; Schiavi, A.; Trela, J.; Volpe, L.; Zeraouli, G.; Woolsey, N.; Antonelli, L.
Quantitative phase contrast imaging of a shock-wave with a laser-plasma based X-ray source
Scientific Reports, 9 :18805
December 2019
DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-55074-1
Panahiyan, S.; Fritzsche, S.
Simulation of the multiphase configuration and phase transitions with quantum walks utilizing a step-dependent coin
Physical Review A, 100 :062115
December 2019
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.100.062115
Hagmann, S.; Hillenbrand, P.; Litvinov, Y.; Spillmann, U.; Stöhlker, T.
The magnetic toroidal sector as a broad-band electron–positron pair spectrometer I. lepton trajectories
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 946 :162641
December 2019
DOI:10.1016/j.nima.2019.162641
Stark, H.; Buldt, J.; Müller, M.; Klenke, A.; Tünnermann, A.; Limpert, J.
23  mJ high-power fiber CPA system using electro-optically controlled divided-pulse amplification
Optics Letters, 44 :5529
November 2019
DOI:10.1364/OL.44.005529
Ohland, J. B.; Eisenbarth, U.; Roth, M.; Bagnoud, V.
A study on the effects and visibility of low-order aberrations on laser beams with orbital angular momentum
Applied Physics B, 32 :56
November 2019
DOI:10.1007/s00340-019-7317-6
Hendi, S.; Panahiyan, S.; Panah, B.; Jamil, M.
Alternative approach to thermodynamic phase transitions
Chinese Physics C, 43 :113106
November 2019
DOI:10.1088/1674-1137/43/11/113106
Polynkin, P.; Samsonova, Z.; Englesbe, A.; Lucero, A.; Elle, J.; Schmitt-Sody, A.
Channeling the dielectric breakdown of air by a sequence of laser-generated plasma filaments [Invited]
Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 36 :3024
November 2019
DOI:10.1364/JOSAB.36.003024
Becker, G.; Schwab, M.; Lötzsch, R.; Tietze, S.; Klöpfel, D.; Rehwald, M.; Schlenvoigt, H.-P.; Sävert, A.; Schramm, U.; Zepf, M.; Kaluza, M.
Characterization of laser-driven proton acceleration from water microdroplets
Scientific Reports, 9 :17169
November 2019
DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-53587-3
Polz, J.; Robinson, A. P. L.; Kalinin, A.; Becker, G. A.; Fraga, R.; Hellwing, M.; Hornung, M.; Keppler, S.; Kessler, A.; Klöpfel, D.; Liebetrau, H.; Schorcht, F.; Hein, J.; Zepf, M.; Grisenti, R. E.; Kaluza, M.C.
Efficient Laser-Driven Proton Acceleration from a Cryogenic Solid Hydrogen Target
Scientific Reports, 9 :16534
November 2019
DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-52919-7
Nagy, T.; Hädrich, S.; Simon, P.; Blumenstein, A.; Walther, N.; Klas, R.; Buldt, J.; Stark, H.; Breitkopf, S.; Jójárt, P.; Seres, I.; Várallyay, Z.; Eidam, T.; Limpert, J.
Generation of three-cycle multi-millijoule laser pulses at 318  W average power
Optica, 6 :1423
November 2019
DOI:10.1364/OPTICA.6.001423
Nathanael, J.; Wünsche, M.; Fuchs, S.; Weber, T.; Abel, J.; Reinhard, J.; Wiesner, F.; Hübner, U.; Skruszewicz, S.; Paulus, G.; Rödel, C.
Laboratory setup for extreme ultraviolet coherence tomography driven by a high-harmonic source
Review of Scientific Instruments, 90 :113702
November 2019
DOI:10.1063/1.5102129
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