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Dear colleagues and friends of the HI-Jena,

we are glad to provide you with the March 2023 issue of the newsletter of the Helmholtz Institute Jena.
Below you find informations and news about recent activities of our institute.

Kind Regards,
Helmholtz Institute Jena

New Regimes of Nuclear Resonance Excitation: First Experiments at the European XFEL

Ralf Röhlsberger for the MCLS* collaboration and for the 45Sc collaboration

The nuclear resonances of Mössbauer isotopes provide extremely narrow energy references for high-resolution spectroscopy. This qualifies them for applications in condensed matter physics as well as for studies in fundamental physics and extreme metrology. Since the pioneering experiment by E. Gerdau et al. [1] at the storage ring DORIS (DESY, Hamburg), the technique of nuclear resonance scattering has found widespread applications at hard X-ray synchrotron radiation sources worldwide. Its implementation and use at hard X-ray laser sources started with one experiment performed at SACLA in Japan reported so far [2].

In 2022 we could perform the first experiments on nuclear resonance scattering at the European XFEL. One study was conducted at the 14.4 keV resonance of 57Fe aiming at applications in x-ray quantum optics in a collaboration with researchers from Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, the Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, the University of Freiburg and DESY. The other experiment, initiated by researchers from Argonne National Laboratory and Texas A&M University in College Station, USA, succeeded to achieve the first photonic excitation of the ultranarrow 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc for future applications in extreme metrology.

Employing the 14.4 keV nuclear resonance of 57Fe we aimed at the realization of multiphoton excitation in forward scattering from an ensemble of Mössbauer nuclei. Due to the radiative coupling between the nuclei in the ensemble, an enhanced decay rate (superradiance, SR) and collective energy shifts (collective Lamb shift, CLS) appear as characteristic signatures in the scattered light. So far, SR and CLS have been extensively studied in the single-photon excitation regime at synchrotrons. Here we were aiming to reveal the spectral properties of the nuclear exciton under multiphoton excitation conditions, especially with the goal to determine the CLS as function of the number of photons that resonantly excite the nuclear ensemble. So far, the spectral properties under multiphoton excitation conditions have neither been approached theoretically nor experimentally. Our experiment in 2022 was mainly devoted to reliably detect the nuclear forward scattering signal in the presence of the extremely intense radiation pulses of the European XFEL. To our great surprise, under these conditions a 8 mm thick 57Fe foil appeared to be only 1 mm thick, as illustrated in Fig.1. The microscopic mechanism for this unique behavior is still under investigation.

The 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc is one of the narrowest nuclear resonances known with a half width of 1.4 femto-eV. In several aspects this isotope is superior to the 8.3 eV 229mTh isomer for extreme metrology applications. The scientific potential of the 45Sc resonance together with the possibility to resonantly excite it by photons from modern accelerator-based hard x-ray sources was identified more than 30 years ago [3]. However, it escaped detection until now, mostly due to the lack of hard x-ray sources with sufficient spectral flux. In this experiment the nuclear resonance of 45Sc was successfully observed by irradiation of a Sc metal foil with 12.4-keV x-ray pulses of sub-millisecond duration and detection of the 4 keV delayed K-fluorescence that followed internal nuclear conversion. The resonance energy, which was known before the experiment to an uncertainty of +/- 50 eV only was determined with sub-eV accuracy. Our results set the stage for further studies of this isotope with promising applications in fundamental physics and extreme metrology.

Both experiments greatly benefitted from the high pulse repetition rate in conjunction with hard x-ray self-seeding (HXRSS) at the respective nuclear resonance energies, providing the spectral flux for efficient nuclear resonance excitation. A unique pulse pattern will be extremely beneficial for future studies at the 45Sc resonance, in particular for the analysis of hyperfine interactions via nuclear forward scattering.

References

* Multiphoton Collective Lamb Shift
[1] E. Gerdau et al., Nuclear Bragg diffraction of synchrotron radiation in yttrium iron garnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 835 (1985).
[2] A. I. Chumakov et al., Superradiance of an ensemble of nuclei excited by a free electron laser, Nature Physics 14, 261 (2018).
[3] Yu. V. Shvyd’ko and G. V. Smirnov, On the direct measurement of nuclear resonance parameters of long-lived (>=1s) isomers. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 51, 452 (1990).

News and Announcements

Semiannual Meeting of the HI Jena

We kindly invite you to the Helmholtz Institute Jena semiannual palaver. The detailed agenda can be found here. Zoom link: 670 9407 9947
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Team of the Helmholtz Institute Jena one of the winners at the DIHP Elevator Pitch 2023

Five teams awarded at the Ideas Pitch 2023 at the "Digital Innovation Hub Photonics" (DIHP)  To support start-ups and fresh ideas in the field of optics and photonics:…
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Robert Klas is awarded Hugo Geiger Prize 2023

Dr. Robert Klas, from Helmholtz Institute Jena and Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, has received this year’s “Hugo Geiger Award…
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10th Joint RS-APS & HGS-HIRe Lecture Week on APPA Research at FAIR

At the end of February 2023 the Research School of Advanced Photon Science (RS-APS) of the Helmholtz Institute Jena organized already its 10th edition of its “Joint…
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Upcoming events

Upcoming events

DateTitleLocation

Recently finished theses

Riedel, R.
Pulse Metrology Tool and Burst-Mode Laser Amplifier for the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg
Universität Hamburg; Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften
December 2013
File:https://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/handle/ediss/5213
Ecker, B.
Entwicklung kohärenter Lichtquellen im XUV-Regime
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
November 2013
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-1781
Hahn, C.
Energie- und polarisationssensitiver Nachweis harter Röntgenstrahlung an Hochintensitätslasern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_msc.pdf
Geithner, R.
Optimierung eines kryogenen Stromkomparators für den Einsatz als Strahlmonitor
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00023556
Rathje, T.
Photodissoziation des Wasserstoffmolekülions durch Einzelzyklenlaserpulse
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/trathje_phd.pdf
Seegert, N.
Quantum Reflection at Strong Magnetic Fields
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/nseegert_msc.pdf
Herdrich, M. O.
Ionisationsquerschnitte von Uranionen in Speicherringen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mherdrich_bsc.pdf
Müller, R. A.
Angular and Polarisation Properties of Bremsstrahlung Radiation in the Short-Wavelength Limit
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
August 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/rmueller_bsc.pdf
Blinne, A.
Paarproduktion in rotierenden elektrischen Feldern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
March 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/ablinne_msc.pdf
Kienel, M.
Passive Coherent Beam Combining of Temporally Cascaded Pulses
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
January 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mkienel_msc.pdf
Lötzsch, R.
Bent crystal X-ray optics for the diagnosis and applications of laser-produced plasmas
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
November 2012
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00022009
Aurand, B.
Untersuchungen zu Mechanismen der Laser-Teilchenbeschleunigung
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
June 2012
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-2060
Fuchs, S.
Optische Kohärenztomografie mit kurzen Wellenlängen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
April 2012
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/sfuchs_dip.pdf
Märtin, R.
Röntgenpolarimetrie angewandt zur Untersuchung der Bremsstrahlung spinpolarisierter Elektronen
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie
September 2011
File:http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/12675/
Hahn, C.
Charakterisierung ortsauflösender Halbleiterdetektoren für harte Röntgenstrahlung
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_bsc.pdf
Reuter, M.
Interferometric Probing of Laser Generated Plasmas for Electron Acceleration
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
July 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mreuter_dip.pdf

Recent publications

Robinson, A. P. L.; Trines, R. M. G. M.; Polz, J.; Kaluza, M.C.
Absorption of circularly polarized laser pulses in near-critical plasmas
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 53 :065019
June 2011
DOI:10.1088/0741-3335/53/6/065019
Shevelko, V. P.; Beigman, I. L.; Litsarev, M. S.; Tawara, H.; Tolstikhina, I. Yu.; Weber, G.
Charge-changing processes in collisions of heavy many-electron ions with neutral atoms
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 269 :1455
June 2011
DOI:10.1016/j.nimb.2011.03.024
Trassinelli, M.; Kumar, A.; Beyer, H. F.; Indelicato, P.; Märtin, R.; Reuschl, R.; Kozhedub, Y. S.; Brandau, C.; Bräuning, H.; Geyer, S.; Gumberidze, A.; Hess, S.; Jagodzinski, P.; Kozhuharov, C.; Liesen, D.; Spillmann, U.; Trotsenko, S.; Weber, G.; Winters, D. F. A.; Stöhlker, T.
Differential energy measurement between He- and Li-like uranium intra-shell transitions
Physica Scripta, T144 :014003
June 2011
DOI:10.1088/0031-8949/2011/T144/014003
Winters, D. F. A.; Kühl, T.; Schneider, D. H.; Indelicato, P.; Reuschl, R.; Schuch, R.; Lindroth, E.; Stöhlker, T.
Laser spectroscopy of the (1s2 2s2p) 3P0–3P1 level splitting in Be-like krypton
Physica Scripta, T144 :014013
June 2011
DOI:10.1088/0031-8949/2011/T144/014013
Weber, G.; Bräuning, H.; Märtin, R.; Spillmann, U.; Stöhlker, T.
Monte Carlo simulations for the characterization of position-sensitive x-ray detectors dedicated to Compton polarimetry
Physica Scripta, T144 :014034
June 2011
DOI:10.1088/0031-8949/2011/T144/014034
Stutzki, F.; Jansen, F.; Jauregui, C.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Non-hexagonal Large-Pitch Fibers for enhanced mode discrimination
Optics Express, 19 :12081
June 2011
DOI:10.1364/OE.19.012081
Nakano, Y.; Takano, Y.; Shindo, T.; Ikeda, T.; Kanai, Y.; Suda, S.; Azuma, T.; Bräuning, H.; Bräuning-Demian, A.; Stöhlker, T.; Dauvergne, D.; Yamazaki, Y.
Observation of intrashell radiative decay of Li-like uranium (2p_(3/2) - 2s_(1/2)) using silicon drift detectors
Physica Scripta, T144 :014010
June 2011
DOI:10.1088/0031-8949/2011/T144/014010
Märtin, R.; Barday, R.; Jakubassa-Amundsen, D.; Enders, J.; Poltoratska, Y.; Spillmann, U.; Surzhykov, A.; Weber, G.; Yerokhin, V. A.; Stöhlker, T.
Polarization Of The High-Energy End Of The Electron-Nucleus Bremsstrahlung In Electron-Atom Collisions
AIP Conference Proceedings, 1336 :94
June 2011
DOI:10.1063/1.3586064
Stöhlker, T.; Beyer, H. F.; Bräuning-Demian, A.; Brandau, C.; Gumberidze, A.; Grisenti, R. E.; Hagmann, S.; Herfurth, F.; Kozhuharov, Ch.; Kühl, T.; Liesen, D.; Litvinov, Yu.; Märtin, R.; Nörtershäuser, W.; Kester, O.; Petridis, N.; Quint, W.; Schramm, U.; Schuch, R.; Spillmann, U.; Trotsenko, S.; Weber, G.
SPARC: The Stored Particle Atomic Research Collaboration At FAIR
AIP Conference Proceedings, 1336 :132
June 2011
DOI:10.1063/1.3586073
Behmke, M.; an der Bruegge, D.; Rödel, C.; Cerchez, M.; Hemmers, D.; Heyer, M.; Jäckel, O.; Kübel, M.; Paulus, G.G.; Pretzler, G.; Pukhov, A.; Toncian, M.; Toncian, T.; Willi, O.
Controlling the Spacing of Attosecond Pulse Trains from Relativistic Surface Plasmas
Physical Review Letters, 106 :185002
May 2011
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.185002
Rödel, C.; Heyer, M.; Behmke, M.; Kübel, M.; Jäckel, O.; Ziegler, W.; Ehrt, D.; Kaluza, M.C.; Paulus, G.G.
High repetition rate plasma mirror for temporal contrast enhancement of terawatt femtosecond laser pulses by three orders of magnitude
Applied Physics B, 103 :295
May 2011
DOI:10.1007/s00340-010-4329-7
Ferro, F.; Surzhykov, A.; Stöhlker, T.
Hyperfine transitions in He-like ions as a tool for nuclear-spin-dependent parity-nonconservation studies
Physical Review A, 83 :052518
May 2011
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.83.052518
Fratini, F.; Trotsenko, S.; Tashenov, S.; Stöhlker, T.; Surzhykov, A.
Photon-photon polarization correlations as a tool for studying parity nonconservation in heliumlike uranium
Physical Review A, 83 :052505
May 2011
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.83.052505
Thorn, D. B.; Gumberidze, A.; Trotsenko, S.; Banaś, D.; Beyer, H.; Bostock, C. J.; Bray, I.; Chen, W.; DuBois, R.; Fontes, C. J.; Fritzsche, S.; Fursa, D. V.; Grisenti, R.; Geyer, S.; Hagmann, S.; Hess, S.; Hegewald, M.; Kozhuharov, C.; Märtin, R.; Orban, I.; Petridis, N.; Reuschl, R.; Simon, A.; Spillmann, U.; Surzhykov, A.; Trassinelli, M.; Weber, G.; Winters, D. F. A.; Winters, N.; Zhang, H. L.; Stöhlker, T.
Polarization and anisotropic emission of K-shell radiation from heavy few electron ions
Canadian Journal of Physics, 89 :513
May 2011
DOI:10.1139/P11-033
Schulze, K. S.; Kämpfer, T.; Uschmann, I.; Höfer, S.; Lötzsch, R.; Förster, E.
Laser-excited acoustical phonons probed by ultrashort pulses from a laser-driven x-ray diode
Applied Physics Letters, 98 :141109
April 2011
DOI:10.1063/1.3577605
Hädrich, S.; Carstens, H.; Rothhardt, J.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Multi-gigawatt ultrashort pulses at high repetition rate and average power from two-stage nonlinear compression
Optics Express, 19 :7546
April 2011
DOI:10.1364/OE.19.007546
Eidam, T.; Hädrich, S.; Jansen, F.; Stutzki, F.; Rothhardt, J.; Carstens, H.; Jauregui, C.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Preferential gain photonic-crystal fiber for mode stabilization at high average powers
Optics Express, 19 :8656
April 2011
DOI:10.1364/OE.19.008656
Redlin, H.; Al-Shemmary, A.; Azima, A.; Stojanovic, N.; Tavella, F.; Will, I.; Duesterer, S.
The FLASH pump-probe laser system: Setup, characterization and optical beamlines
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 635 :S88
April 2011
DOI:10.1016/j.nima.2010.09.159
Hofmann, I.; Meyer-ter-Vehn, J.; Yan, X.; Orzhekhovskaya, A.; Yaramyshev, S.
Collection and focusing of laser accelerated ion beams for therapy applications
Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, 14 :031304
March 2011
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.14.031304
Saathoff, G.; Reinhardt, S.; Holzwarth, R.; Hänsch, T.; Udem, Th.; Bing, D.; Schwalm, D.; Wolf, A.; Karpuk, S.; Huber, G.; Novotny, C.; Botermann, B.; Geppert, C.; Nörtershäuser, W.; Kühl, T.; Stöhlker, T.; Gwinner, G.
Comment on: “Lorentz violation in high-energy ions” by Santosh Devasia
The European Physical Journal C, 71 :1
March 2011
DOI:10.1140/epjc/s10052-011-1596-3
Tavella, F.; Stojanovic, N.; Geloni, G.; Gensch, M.
Few-femtosecond timing at fourth-generation X-ray light sources
Nature Photonics, 5 :162
March 2011
DOI:10.1038/NPHOTON.2010.311
Stutzki, F.; Jansen, F.; Eidam, T.; Steinmetz, A.; Jauregui, C.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
High average power large-pitch fiber amplifier with robust single-mode operation
Optics Letters, 36 :689
March 2011
DOI:10.1364/OL.36.000689
Limpert, J.; Hädrich, S.; Rothhardt, J.; Krebs, M.; Eidam, T.; Schreiber, T.; Tünnermann, A.
Ultrafast fiber lasers for strong-field physics experiments
Laser & Photonics Reviews, 5 :634
March 2011
DOI:10.1002/lpor.201000041
Rothhardt, J.; Eidam, T.; Hädrich, S.; Jansen, F.; Stutzki, F.; Gottschall, T.; Andersen, T.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
135 W average-power femtosecond pulses at 520 nm from a frequency-doubled fiber laser system
Optics Letters, 36 :316
February 2011
DOI:10.1364/OL.36.000316
Seise, E.; Klenke, A.; Breitkopf, S.; Plötner, M.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Coherently combined fiber laser system delivering 120 mu J femtosecond pulses
Optics Letters, 36 :439
February 2011
DOI:10.1364/OL.36.000439
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