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Dear colleagues and friends of the HI-Jena,

we are glad to provide you with the March 2023 issue of the newsletter of the Helmholtz Institute Jena.
Below you find informations and news about recent activities of our institute.

Kind Regards,
Helmholtz Institute Jena

New Regimes of Nuclear Resonance Excitation: First Experiments at the European XFEL

Ralf Röhlsberger for the MCLS* collaboration and for the 45Sc collaboration

The nuclear resonances of Mössbauer isotopes provide extremely narrow energy references for high-resolution spectroscopy. This qualifies them for applications in condensed matter physics as well as for studies in fundamental physics and extreme metrology. Since the pioneering experiment by E. Gerdau et al. [1] at the storage ring DORIS (DESY, Hamburg), the technique of nuclear resonance scattering has found widespread applications at hard X-ray synchrotron radiation sources worldwide. Its implementation and use at hard X-ray laser sources started with one experiment performed at SACLA in Japan reported so far [2].

In 2022 we could perform the first experiments on nuclear resonance scattering at the European XFEL. One study was conducted at the 14.4 keV resonance of 57Fe aiming at applications in x-ray quantum optics in a collaboration with researchers from Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, the Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, the University of Freiburg and DESY. The other experiment, initiated by researchers from Argonne National Laboratory and Texas A&M University in College Station, USA, succeeded to achieve the first photonic excitation of the ultranarrow 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc for future applications in extreme metrology.

Employing the 14.4 keV nuclear resonance of 57Fe we aimed at the realization of multiphoton excitation in forward scattering from an ensemble of Mössbauer nuclei. Due to the radiative coupling between the nuclei in the ensemble, an enhanced decay rate (superradiance, SR) and collective energy shifts (collective Lamb shift, CLS) appear as characteristic signatures in the scattered light. So far, SR and CLS have been extensively studied in the single-photon excitation regime at synchrotrons. Here we were aiming to reveal the spectral properties of the nuclear exciton under multiphoton excitation conditions, especially with the goal to determine the CLS as function of the number of photons that resonantly excite the nuclear ensemble. So far, the spectral properties under multiphoton excitation conditions have neither been approached theoretically nor experimentally. Our experiment in 2022 was mainly devoted to reliably detect the nuclear forward scattering signal in the presence of the extremely intense radiation pulses of the European XFEL. To our great surprise, under these conditions a 8 mm thick 57Fe foil appeared to be only 1 mm thick, as illustrated in Fig.1. The microscopic mechanism for this unique behavior is still under investigation.

The 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc is one of the narrowest nuclear resonances known with a half width of 1.4 femto-eV. In several aspects this isotope is superior to the 8.3 eV 229mTh isomer for extreme metrology applications. The scientific potential of the 45Sc resonance together with the possibility to resonantly excite it by photons from modern accelerator-based hard x-ray sources was identified more than 30 years ago [3]. However, it escaped detection until now, mostly due to the lack of hard x-ray sources with sufficient spectral flux. In this experiment the nuclear resonance of 45Sc was successfully observed by irradiation of a Sc metal foil with 12.4-keV x-ray pulses of sub-millisecond duration and detection of the 4 keV delayed K-fluorescence that followed internal nuclear conversion. The resonance energy, which was known before the experiment to an uncertainty of +/- 50 eV only was determined with sub-eV accuracy. Our results set the stage for further studies of this isotope with promising applications in fundamental physics and extreme metrology.

Both experiments greatly benefitted from the high pulse repetition rate in conjunction with hard x-ray self-seeding (HXRSS) at the respective nuclear resonance energies, providing the spectral flux for efficient nuclear resonance excitation. A unique pulse pattern will be extremely beneficial for future studies at the 45Sc resonance, in particular for the analysis of hyperfine interactions via nuclear forward scattering.

References

* Multiphoton Collective Lamb Shift
[1] E. Gerdau et al., Nuclear Bragg diffraction of synchrotron radiation in yttrium iron garnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 835 (1985).
[2] A. I. Chumakov et al., Superradiance of an ensemble of nuclei excited by a free electron laser, Nature Physics 14, 261 (2018).
[3] Yu. V. Shvyd’ko and G. V. Smirnov, On the direct measurement of nuclear resonance parameters of long-lived (>=1s) isomers. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 51, 452 (1990).

News and Announcements

Semiannual Meeting of the HI Jena

We kindly invite you to the Helmholtz Institute Jena semiannual palaver. The detailed agenda can be found here. Zoom link: 670 9407 9947
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Team of the Helmholtz Institute Jena one of the winners at the DIHP Elevator Pitch 2023

Five teams awarded at the Ideas Pitch 2023 at the "Digital Innovation Hub Photonics" (DIHP)  To support start-ups and fresh ideas in the field of optics and photonics:…
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Robert Klas is awarded Hugo Geiger Prize 2023

Dr. Robert Klas, from Helmholtz Institute Jena and Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, has received this year’s “Hugo Geiger Award…
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10th Joint RS-APS & HGS-HIRe Lecture Week on APPA Research at FAIR

At the end of February 2023 the Research School of Advanced Photon Science (RS-APS) of the Helmholtz Institute Jena organized already its 10th edition of its “Joint…
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Upcoming events

Upcoming events

DateTitleLocation

Recently finished theses

Riedel, R.
Pulse Metrology Tool and Burst-Mode Laser Amplifier for the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg
Universität Hamburg; Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften
December 2013
File:https://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/handle/ediss/5213
Ecker, B.
Entwicklung kohärenter Lichtquellen im XUV-Regime
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
November 2013
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-1781
Hahn, C.
Energie- und polarisationssensitiver Nachweis harter Röntgenstrahlung an Hochintensitätslasern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_msc.pdf
Geithner, R.
Optimierung eines kryogenen Stromkomparators für den Einsatz als Strahlmonitor
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00023556
Rathje, T.
Photodissoziation des Wasserstoffmolekülions durch Einzelzyklenlaserpulse
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/trathje_phd.pdf
Seegert, N.
Quantum Reflection at Strong Magnetic Fields
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/nseegert_msc.pdf
Herdrich, M. O.
Ionisationsquerschnitte von Uranionen in Speicherringen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mherdrich_bsc.pdf
Müller, R. A.
Angular and Polarisation Properties of Bremsstrahlung Radiation in the Short-Wavelength Limit
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
August 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/rmueller_bsc.pdf
Blinne, A.
Paarproduktion in rotierenden elektrischen Feldern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
March 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/ablinne_msc.pdf
Kienel, M.
Passive Coherent Beam Combining of Temporally Cascaded Pulses
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
January 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mkienel_msc.pdf
Lötzsch, R.
Bent crystal X-ray optics for the diagnosis and applications of laser-produced plasmas
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
November 2012
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00022009
Aurand, B.
Untersuchungen zu Mechanismen der Laser-Teilchenbeschleunigung
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
June 2012
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-2060
Fuchs, S.
Optische Kohärenztomografie mit kurzen Wellenlängen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
April 2012
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/sfuchs_dip.pdf
Märtin, R.
Röntgenpolarimetrie angewandt zur Untersuchung der Bremsstrahlung spinpolarisierter Elektronen
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie
September 2011
File:http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/12675/
Hahn, C.
Charakterisierung ortsauflösender Halbleiterdetektoren für harte Röntgenstrahlung
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_bsc.pdf
Reuter, M.
Interferometric Probing of Laser Generated Plasmas for Electron Acceleration
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
July 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mreuter_dip.pdf

Recent publications

Seres, J.; Seres, E.; Landgraf, B.; Ecker, B.; Aurand, B.; Hoffmann, A.; Winkler, G.; Namba, S.; Kuehl, T.; Spielmann, C.
Parametric amplification of attosecond pulse trains at 11nm
Scientific Reports, 4 :4254
March 2014
DOI:10.1038/srep04254
Zaytsev, V. A.; Maiorova, A. V.; Shabaev, V. M.; Volotka, A. V.; Tashenov, S.; Plunien, G.; Stöhlker, T.
Parity-nonconservation effect in the dielectronic recombination of polarized electrons with heavy He-like ions
Physical Review A, 89 :032703
March 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.89.032703
Riedel, R.; Stephanides, A.; Prandolini, M. J.; Gronloh, B.; Jungbluth, B.; Mans, T.; Tavella, F.
Power scaling of supercontinuum seeded megahertz-repetition rate optical parametric chirped pulse amplifiers
Optics Letters, 39 :1422
March 2014
DOI:10.1364/OL.39.001422
Zastrau, U.; Sperling, P.; Harmand, M.; Becker, A.; Bornath, T.; Bredow, R.; Dziarzhytski, S.; Fennel, T.; Fletcher, L.; Förster, E.; Göde, S.; Gregori, G.; Hilbert, V.; Hochhaus, D.; Holst, B.; Laarmann, T.; Lee, H.; Ma, T.; Mithen, J.; Mitzner, R.; Murphy, C.; Nakatsutsumi, M.; Neumayer, P.; Przystawik, A.; Roling, S.; Schulz, M.; Siemer, B.; Skruszewicz, S.; Tiggesbäumker, J.; Toleikis, S.; Tschentscher, T.; White, T.; Wöstmann, M.; Zacharias, H.; Döppner, T.; Glenzer, S.; Redmer, R.
Resolving Ultrafast Heating of Dense Cryogenic Hydrogen
Physical Review Letters, 112 :105002
March 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.105002
Busold, S.; Almomani, A.; Bagnoud, V.; Barth, W.; Bedacht, S.; Blazevic, A.; Boine-Frankenheim, O.; Brabetz, C.; Burris-Mog, T.; Cowan, T.; Deppert, O.; Droba, M.; Eickhoff, H.; Eisenbarth, U.; Harres, K.; Hoffmeister, G.; Hofmann, I.; Jäckel, O.; Jäger, R.; Joost, M.; Kraft, S.; Kroll, F.; Kaluza, M.; Kester, O.; Lecz, Z.; Merz, T.; Nürnberg, F.; Al-Omari, H.; Orzhekhovskaya, A.; Paulus, G.; Polz, J.; Ratzinger, U.; Roth, M.; Schaumann, G.; Schmidt, P.; Schramm, U.; Schreiber, G.; Schumacher, D.; Stöhlker, T.; Tauschwitz, A.; Vinzenz, W.; Wagner, F.; Yaramyshev, S.; Zielbauer, B.
Shaping laser accelerated ions for future applications – The LIGHT collaboration
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 740 :94
March 2014
DOI:10.1016/j.nima.2013.10.025
Stöhlker, T.; Litvinov, Y.; Bräuning-Demian, A.; Lestinsky, M.; Herfurth, F.; Maier, R; Prasuhn, D.; Schuch, R.; Steck, M.
SPARC collaboration: new strategy for storage ring physics at FAIR
Hyperfine Interactions, 227 :45
March 2014
DOI:10.1007/s10751-014-1047-2
Klaiber, M.; Yakaboylu, E.; Müller, C.; Bauke, H.; Paulus, G.G.; Hatsagortsyan, K. Z.
Spin dynamics in relativistic ionization with highly charged ions in super-strong laser fields
Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 47 :065603
March 2014
DOI:10.1088/0953-4075/47/6/065603
Herrmann, A.; Kuhn, S.; Tiegel, M.; Russel, C.; Körner, J.; Klöpfel, D.; Hein, J.; Kaluza, M.
Structure and fluorescence properties of ternary aluminosilicate glasses doped with samarium and europium
Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2 :4328
March 2014
DOI:10.1039/C4TC00036F
Hansen, S. B.; Colgan, J.; Faenov, A. Ya.; Abdallah, J.; Pikuz, S. A.; Skobelev, I. Yu.; Wagenaars, E.; Booth, N.; Culfa, O.; Dance, R. J.; Tallents, G. J.; Evans, R. G.; Gray, R. J.; Kämpfer, T.; Lancaster, K. L.; McKenna, P.; Rossall, A. K.; Schulze, K. S.; Uschmann, I.; Zhidkov, A. G.; Woolsey, N. C.
Detailed analysis of hollow ions spectra from dense matter pumped by X-ray emission of relativistic laser plasma
Physics of Plasmas, 21 :031213
February 2014
DOI:10.1063/1.4865227
Kohlfürst, C.; Gies, H.; Alkofer, R.
Effective mass signatures in multiphoton pair production
Physical Review Letters, 112 :050402
February 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.050402
Kienel, M.; Klenke, A.; Eidam, T.; Hädrich, S.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Energy scaling of femtosecond amplifiers using actively controlled divided-pulse amplification
Optics Letters, 39 :1049
February 2014
DOI:10.1364/OL.39.001049
Seres, J.; Seres, E.; Landgraf, B.; Ecker, B.; Aurand, B.; Kuehl, T.; Spielmann, C.
High-harmonic generation and parametric amplification in the soft X-rays from extended electron trajectories
Scientific Reports, 4 :4234
February 2014
DOI:10.1038/srep04234
Wu, Z. W.; Surzhykov, A.; Fritzsche, S.
Hyperfine-induced modifications to the angular distribution of the Kα1x-ray emission
Physical Review A, 89 :022513
February 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.89.022513
Hansinger, P.; Maleshkov, G.; Gorunski, N.; Dimitrov, N.; Dreischuh, A.; Paulus, G.G.
Interaction between one-dimensional dark spatial solitons and semi-infinite dark stripes
Optics Communications, 313 :106
February 2014
DOI:10.1016/j.optcom.2013.08.085
Seipt, D.; Kämpfer, B.
Laser-assisted Compton scattering of x-ray photons
Physical Review A, 89 :023433
February 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.89.023433
Xie, X.; Roither, S.; Schöffler, M.; Xu, H.; Bubin, S.; Lötstedt, E.; Erattuphuza, S.; Iwasaki, A.; Kartashov, D.; Varga, K.; Paulus, G.G.; Baltuska, A.; Yamanouchi, K.; Kitzler, M.
Role of proton dynamics in efficient photoionization of hydrocarbon molecules
Physical Review A, 89 :023429
February 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.89.023429
Fritzsche, S.
The Feynman tools for quantum information processing: Design and implementation
Computer Physics Communications, 185 :1697
February 2014
DOI:10.1016/j.cpc.2014.02.003
Aurand, B.; Elkin, B.; Heim, L.-O.; Lommel, B.; Kindler, B.; Tomut, M.; Rödel, C.; Kuschel, S.; Jäckel, O.; Kühl, T.
Ultra-thin polymer foils for laser-ion acceleration
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 299 :965
February 2014
DOI:10.1007/s10967-013-2627-3
Huttula, M.; Huttula, S.-M.; Fritzsche, S.; Lablanquie, P.; Penent, F.; Palaudoux, J.; Andric, L.
Core-valence double photoionization of atomic mercury
Physical Review A, 89 :013411
January 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.89.013411
Prandolini, M. J.; Riedel, R.; Schulz, M.; Hage, A.; Höppner, H.; Tavella, F.
Design considerations for a high power, ultrabroadband optical parametricchirped-pulse amplifier
Optics Express, 22 :1594
January 2014
DOI:10.1364/OE.22.001594
Wang, H. Y.; Lin, C.; Liu, B.; Sheng, Z. M.; Lu, H. Y.; Ma, W. J.; Bin, J. H.; Schreiber, J.; He, X. T.; Chen, J. E.; Zepf, M.; Yan, X.
Laser-driven three-stage heavy-ion acceleration from relativistic laser-plasma interaction
Physical Review E, 89 :013107
January 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.89.013107
Gaida, C.; Stutzki, F.; Jansen, F.; Otto, H.-J.; Eidam, T.; Jauregui, C.; Vries, O. d.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Triple-clad large-pitch fibers for compact high-power pulsed fiber laser systems
Optics Letters, 39 :209
January 2014
DOI:10.1364/OL.39.000209
Kar, S.; Kakolee, K. F.; Cerchez, M.; Doria, D.; Macchi, A.; McKenna, P.; Neely, D.; Osterholz, J.; Quinn, K.; Ramakrishna, B.; Sarri, G.; Willi, O.; Yuan, X. H.; Zepf, M.; Borghesi, M.
Experimental investigation of hole boring and light sail regimes of RPA by varying laser and target parameters
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 55 :124030
December 2013
DOI:10.1088/0741-3335/55/12/124030
Demmler, S.; Rothhardt, J.; Hädrich, S.; Krebs, M.; Hage, A.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Generation of high photon flux coherent soft x-ray radiation with few-cycle pulses
Optics Letters, 38 :5051
December 2013
DOI:10.1364/OL.38.005051
Sarri, G.; Schumaker, W.; Piazza, A. D.; Poder, K.; Cole, J. M.; Vargas, M.; Doria, D.; Kushel, S.; Dromey, B.; Grittani, G.; Gizzi, L.; Dieckmann, M. E.; Green, A.; Chvykov, V.; Maksimchuk, A.; Yanovsky, V.; He, Z. H.; Hou, B. X.; Nees, J. A.; Kar, S.; Najmudin, Z.; Thomas, A. G. R.; Keitel, C. H.; Krushelnick, K.; Zepf, M.
Laser-driven generation of collimated ultra-relativistic positron beams
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 55 :124017
December 2013
DOI:10.1088/0741-3335/55/12/124017
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