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Dear colleagues and friends of the HI-Jena,

we are glad to provide you with the March 2023 issue of the newsletter of the Helmholtz Institute Jena.
Below you find informations and news about recent activities of our institute.

Kind Regards,
Helmholtz Institute Jena

New Regimes of Nuclear Resonance Excitation: First Experiments at the European XFEL

Ralf Röhlsberger for the MCLS* collaboration and for the 45Sc collaboration

The nuclear resonances of Mössbauer isotopes provide extremely narrow energy references for high-resolution spectroscopy. This qualifies them for applications in condensed matter physics as well as for studies in fundamental physics and extreme metrology. Since the pioneering experiment by E. Gerdau et al. [1] at the storage ring DORIS (DESY, Hamburg), the technique of nuclear resonance scattering has found widespread applications at hard X-ray synchrotron radiation sources worldwide. Its implementation and use at hard X-ray laser sources started with one experiment performed at SACLA in Japan reported so far [2].

In 2022 we could perform the first experiments on nuclear resonance scattering at the European XFEL. One study was conducted at the 14.4 keV resonance of 57Fe aiming at applications in x-ray quantum optics in a collaboration with researchers from Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, the Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, the University of Freiburg and DESY. The other experiment, initiated by researchers from Argonne National Laboratory and Texas A&M University in College Station, USA, succeeded to achieve the first photonic excitation of the ultranarrow 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc for future applications in extreme metrology.

Employing the 14.4 keV nuclear resonance of 57Fe we aimed at the realization of multiphoton excitation in forward scattering from an ensemble of Mössbauer nuclei. Due to the radiative coupling between the nuclei in the ensemble, an enhanced decay rate (superradiance, SR) and collective energy shifts (collective Lamb shift, CLS) appear as characteristic signatures in the scattered light. So far, SR and CLS have been extensively studied in the single-photon excitation regime at synchrotrons. Here we were aiming to reveal the spectral properties of the nuclear exciton under multiphoton excitation conditions, especially with the goal to determine the CLS as function of the number of photons that resonantly excite the nuclear ensemble. So far, the spectral properties under multiphoton excitation conditions have neither been approached theoretically nor experimentally. Our experiment in 2022 was mainly devoted to reliably detect the nuclear forward scattering signal in the presence of the extremely intense radiation pulses of the European XFEL. To our great surprise, under these conditions a 8 mm thick 57Fe foil appeared to be only 1 mm thick, as illustrated in Fig.1. The microscopic mechanism for this unique behavior is still under investigation.

The 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc is one of the narrowest nuclear resonances known with a half width of 1.4 femto-eV. In several aspects this isotope is superior to the 8.3 eV 229mTh isomer for extreme metrology applications. The scientific potential of the 45Sc resonance together with the possibility to resonantly excite it by photons from modern accelerator-based hard x-ray sources was identified more than 30 years ago [3]. However, it escaped detection until now, mostly due to the lack of hard x-ray sources with sufficient spectral flux. In this experiment the nuclear resonance of 45Sc was successfully observed by irradiation of a Sc metal foil with 12.4-keV x-ray pulses of sub-millisecond duration and detection of the 4 keV delayed K-fluorescence that followed internal nuclear conversion. The resonance energy, which was known before the experiment to an uncertainty of +/- 50 eV only was determined with sub-eV accuracy. Our results set the stage for further studies of this isotope with promising applications in fundamental physics and extreme metrology.

Both experiments greatly benefitted from the high pulse repetition rate in conjunction with hard x-ray self-seeding (HXRSS) at the respective nuclear resonance energies, providing the spectral flux for efficient nuclear resonance excitation. A unique pulse pattern will be extremely beneficial for future studies at the 45Sc resonance, in particular for the analysis of hyperfine interactions via nuclear forward scattering.

References

* Multiphoton Collective Lamb Shift
[1] E. Gerdau et al., Nuclear Bragg diffraction of synchrotron radiation in yttrium iron garnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 835 (1985).
[2] A. I. Chumakov et al., Superradiance of an ensemble of nuclei excited by a free electron laser, Nature Physics 14, 261 (2018).
[3] Yu. V. Shvyd’ko and G. V. Smirnov, On the direct measurement of nuclear resonance parameters of long-lived (>=1s) isomers. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 51, 452 (1990).

News and Announcements

Semiannual Meeting of the HI Jena

We kindly invite you to the Helmholtz Institute Jena semiannual palaver. The detailed agenda can be found here. Zoom link: 670 9407 9947
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Team of the Helmholtz Institute Jena one of the winners at the DIHP Elevator Pitch 2023

Five teams awarded at the Ideas Pitch 2023 at the "Digital Innovation Hub Photonics" (DIHP)  To support start-ups and fresh ideas in the field of optics and photonics:…
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Robert Klas is awarded Hugo Geiger Prize 2023

Dr. Robert Klas, from Helmholtz Institute Jena and Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, has received this year’s “Hugo Geiger Award…
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10th Joint RS-APS & HGS-HIRe Lecture Week on APPA Research at FAIR

At the end of February 2023 the Research School of Advanced Photon Science (RS-APS) of the Helmholtz Institute Jena organized already its 10th edition of its “Joint…
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Upcoming events

Upcoming events

DateTitleLocation

Recently finished theses

Märtin, R.
Röntgenpolarimetrie angewandt zur Untersuchung der Bremsstrahlung spinpolarisierter Elektronen
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie
September 2011
File:http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/12675/
Hahn, C.
Charakterisierung ortsauflösender Halbleiterdetektoren für harte Röntgenstrahlung
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_bsc.pdf
Reuter, M.
Interferometric Probing of Laser Generated Plasmas for Electron Acceleration
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
July 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mreuter_dip.pdf

Recent publications

Tamer, I.; Hornung, M.; Lukas, L.; Hellwing, M.; Keppler, S.; Van Hull, R.; Hein, J.; Zepf, M.; Kaluza, M.C.
Characterization and application of nonlinear plastic materials for post-CPA pulse compression
Optics Letters, 45 :6575
December 2020
DOI:10.1364/OL.409637
Assmann, R. W.; Weikum, M. K.; Akhter, T.; Alesini, D.; Alexandrova, A. S.; Anania, M. P.; Andreev, N. E.; Andriyash, I.; Artioli, M.; Aschikhin, A.; Audet, T.; Bacci, A.; Barna, I. F.; Bartocci, S.; Bayramian, A.; Beaton, A.; Beck, A.; Bellaveglia, M.; Beluze, A.; Bernhard, A.; Biagioni, A.; Bielawski, S.; Bisesto, F. G.; Bonatto, A.; Boulton, L.; Brandi, F.; Brinkmann, R.; Briquez, F.; Brottier, F.; Bründermann, E.; Büscher, M.; Buonomo, B.; Bussmann, M. H.; Bussolino, G.; Campana, P.; Cantarella, S.; Cassou, K.; Chance, A.; Chen, M.; Chiadroni, E.; Cianchi, A.; Cioeta, F.; Clarke, J. A.; Cole, J. M.; Costa, G.; Couprie, M.-E.; Cowley, J.; Croia, M.; Cros, B.; Crump, P. A.; D’Arcy, R.; Dattoli, G.; Del Dotto, A.; Delerue, N.; Del Franco, M.; Delinikolas, P.; De Nicola, S.; Dias, J. M.; Di Giovenale, D.; Diomede, M.; Di Pasquale, E.; Di Pirro, G.; Di Raddo, G.; Dorda, U.; Erlandson, A. C.; Ertel, K.; Esposito, A.; Falcoz, F.; Falone, A.; Fedele, R.; Ferran Pousa, A.; Ferrario, M.; Filippi, F.; Fils, J.; Fiore, G.; Fiorito, R.; Fonseca, R. A.; Franzini, G.; Galimberti, M.; Gallo, A.; Galvin, T. C.; Ghaith, A.; Ghigo, A.; Giove, D.; Giribono, A.; Gizzi, L. A.; Grüner, F. J.; Habib, A. F.; Haefner, C.; Heinemann, T.; Helm, A.; Hidding, B.; Holzer, B. J.; Hooker, S. M.; Hosokai, T.; Hübner, M.; Ibison, M.; Incremona, S.; Irman, A.; Iungo, F.; Jafarinia, F. J.; Jakobsson, O.; Jaroszynski, D. A.; Jaster-Merz, S.; Joshi, C.; Kaluza, M.; Kando, M.; Karger, O. S.; Karsch, S.; Khazanov, E.; Khikhlukha, D.; Kirchen, M.; Kirwan, G.; Kitégi, C.; Knetsch, A.; Kocon, D.; Koester, P.; Kononenko, O. S.; Korn, G.; Kostyukov, I.; Kruchinin, K. O.; Labate, L.; Le Blanc, C.; Lechner, C.; Lee, P.; Leemans, W.; Lehrach, A.; Li, X.; Li, Y.; Libov, V.; Lifschitz, A.; Lindstrøm, C. A.; Litvinenko, V.; Lu, W.; Lundh, O.; Maier, A. R.; Malka, V.; Manahan, G. G.; Mangles, S. P. D.; Marcelli, A.; Marchetti, B.; Marcouillé, O.; Marocchino, A.; Marteau, F.; Martinez de la Ossa, A.; Martins, J. L.; Mason, P. D.; Massimo, F.; Mathieu, F.; Maynard, G.; Mazzotta, Z.; Mironov, S.; Molodozhentsev, A. Y.; Morante, S.; Mosnier, A.; Mostacci, A.; Müller, A.-S.; Murphy, C. D.; Najmudin, Z.; Nghiem, P. A. P.; Nguyen, F.; Niknejadi, P.; Nutter, A.; Osterhoff, J.; Oumbarek Espinos, D.; Paillard, J.-L.; Papadopoulos, D. N.; Patrizi, B.; Pattathil, R.; Pellegrino, L.; Petralia, A.; Petrillo, V.; Piersanti, L.; Pocsai, M. A.; Poder, K.; Pompili, R.; Pribyl, L.; Pugacheva, D.; Reagan, B. A.; Resta-Lopez, J.; Ricci, R.; Romeo, S.; Rossetti Conti, M.; Rossi, A. R.; Rossmanith, R.; Rotundo, U.; Roussel, E.; Sabbatini, L.; Santangelo, P.; Sarri, G.; Schaper, L.; Scherkl, P.; Schramm, U.; Schroeder, C. B.; Scifo, J.; Serafini, L.; Sharma, G.; Sheng, Z. M.; Shpakov, V.; Siders, C. W.; Silva, L. O.; Silva, T.; Simon, C.; Simon-Boisson, C.; Sinha, U.; Sistrunk, E.; Specka, A.; Spinka, T. M.; Stecchi, A.; Stella, A.; Stellato, F.; Streeter, M. J. V.; Sutherland, A.; Svystun, E. N.; Symes, D.; Szwaj, C.; Tauscher, G. E.; Terzani, D.; Toci, G.; Tomassini, P.; Torres, R.; Ullmann, D.; Vaccarezza, C.; Valléau, M.; Vannini, M.; Vannozzi, A.; Vescovi, S.; Vieira, J. M.; Villa, F.; Wahlström, C.-G.; Walczak, R.; Walker, P. A.; Wang, K.; Welsch, A.; Welsch, C. P.; Weng, S. M.; Wiggins, S. M.; Wolfenden, J.; Xia, G.; Yabashi, M.; Zhang, H.; Zhao, Y.; Zhu, J.; Zigler, A.
EuPRAXIA Conceptual Design Report
European Physical Journal Special Topics, 229 :3675
December 2020
DOI:10.1140/epjst/e2020-000127-8
Leutenegger, M. A.; Kuhn, S.; Micke, P.; Steinbrügge, R.; Stierhof, J.; Shah, C.; Hell, N.; Bissinger, M.; Hirsch, M.; Ballhausen, R.; Lang, M.; Gräfe, C.; Wipf, S.; Cumbee, R.; Betancourt-Martinez, G. L.; Park, S.; Yerokhin, V. A.; Surzhykov, A.; Stolte, W. C.; Niskanen, J.; Chung, M.; Porter, F. S.; Stöhlker, T.; Pfeifer, T.; Wilms, J.; Brown, G. V.; Lopez-Urrutia, J. R. C.; Bernitt, S.
High-Precision Determination of Oxygen Kα Transition Energy Excludes Incongruent Motion of Interstellar Oxygen
Physical Review Letters, 125 :243001
December 2020
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.243001
Steinkopff, A.; Jauregui, C.; Aleshire, C.; Klenke, A.; Limpert, J.
Impact of thermo-optical effects in coherently combined multicore fiber amplifiers
Optics Express, 28 :38093
December 2020
DOI:10.1364/OE.410614
Ostermayr, T. M.; Kreuzer, C.; Englbrecht, F. S.; Gebhard, J.; Hartmann, J.; Huebl, A.; Haffa, D.; Hilz, P.; Parodi, K.; Wenz, J.; Donovan, M. E.; Dyer, G.; Gaul, E.; Gordon, J.; Martinez, M.; Mccary, E.; Spinks, M.; Tiwari, G.; Hegelich, B. M.; Schreiber, J.
Laser-driven x-ray and proton micro-source and application to simultaneous single-shot bi-modal radiographic imaging
Nature Communications, 11 :6174
December 2020
DOI:10.1038/s41467-020-19838-y
Tuitje, F.; Martinez Gil, P.; Helk, T.; Gautier, J.; Tissandier, F.; Goddet, J. -P.; Guggenmos, A.; Kleineberg, U.; Sebban, S.; Oliva, E.; Spielmann, C.; Zuerch, M.
Nonlinear ionization dynamics of hot dense plasma observed in a laser-plasma amplifier
Light: Science & Applications, 9 :187
December 2020
DOI:10.1038/s41377-020-00424-2
Torgrimsson, G.
Nonlinear photon trident versus double Compton scattering and resummation of one-step terms
Physical Review D, 102 :116008
December 2020
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.102.116008
Wang, J.; Bulanov, V.; Chen, M.; Lei, B.; Zhang, Y. X.; Zagidullin, R.; Zorina, V.; Yu, W.; Leng, Y.; Li, R.; Zepf, M.; Rykovanov, S.
Relativistic slingshot: A source for single circularly polarized attosecond x-ray pulses
Physical Review E, 102 :061201
December 2020
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.102.061201
Kosheleva, V. P.; Zaytsev, V. A.; Müller, R. A.; Surzhykov, A.; Fritzsche, S.
Resonant two-photon ionization of atoms by twisted and plane-wave light
Physical Review A, 102 :063115
December 2020
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.102.063115
Stoyanov, L.; Zhekova, M.; Stefanov, A.; Stefanov, I.; Paulus, G.; Dreischuh, A.
Zeroth- and first-order long range non-diffracting Gauss-Bessel beams generated by annihilating multiple-charged optical vortices
Scientific Reports, 10 :21981
December 2020
DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-78613-7
Grabiger, B.; Marx-Glowna, B.; Uschmann, I.; Loetzsch, R.; Paulus, G.; Schulze, K.
A highly sensitive imaging polarimeter in the x-ray regime
Applied Physics Letters, 117 :201102
November 2020
DOI:10.1063/5.0028427
Panahiyan, S.; Fritzsche, S.
Controllable simulation of topological phases and edge states with quantum walk
Physics Letters A, 384 :126828
November 2020
DOI:10.1016/j.physleta.2020.126828
Baghdasaryan, B.; Fritzsche, S.
Enhanced entanglement from Ince-Gaussian pump beams in spontaneous parametric down-conversion
Physical Review A, 102 :052412
November 2020
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.102.052412
Torgrimsson, G.
Nonlinear trident in the high-energy limit: Nonlocality, Coulomb field, and resummations
Physical Review D, 102 :096008
November 2020
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.102.096008
Togawa, M.; Kuhn, S.; Shah, C.; Amaro, P.; Steinbrügge, R.; Stierhof, J.; Hell, N.; Rosner, M.; Fujii, K.; Bissinger, M.; Ballhausen, R.; Hoesch, M.; Seltmann, J.; Park, S.; Grilo, F.; Porter, F. S.; Santos, J. P.; Chung, M.; Stöhlker, T.; Wilms, J.; Pfeifer, T.; Brown, G. V.; Leutenegger, M. A.; Bernitt, S.; Lopez-Urrutia, J. R. C.
Observation of strong two-electron–one-photon transitions in few-electron ions
Physical Review A, 102 :052831
November 2020
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.102.052831
Böning, B.; Fritzsche, S.
Partial-wave representation of the strong-field approximation
Physical Review A, 102 :053108
November 2020
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.102.053108
Deprince, J.; Bautista, M. A.; Fritzsche, S.; García, J. A.; Kallman, T. R.; Mendoza, C.; Palmeri, P.; Quinet, P.
Plasma environment effects on K lines of astrophysical interest IV. IPs, K thresholds, radiative rates, and Auger widths in Fe ii-Fe viii
Astronomy and Astrophysics, 643 :A57
November 2020
DOI:10.1051/0004-6361/202038659
Geng, Y. X.; Wu, D.; Yu, W.; Sheng, Z. M.; Fritzsche, S.; Liao, Q.; Wu, M. J.; Xu, X. H.; Li, D. Y.; Ma, W. J.; Lu, H. Y.; Zhao, Y. Y.; He, X. T.; Chen, J. E.; Lin, C.; Yan, X. Q.
Proton beams from intense laser-solid interaction: Effects of the target materials
Matter and Radiation at Extremes, 5 :064402
November 2020
DOI:10.1063/5.0014854
Seipt, D.; King, B.
Spin- and polarization-dependent locally-constant-field-approximation rates for nonlinear Compton and Breit-Wheeler processes
Physical Review A, 102 :052805
November 2020
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.102.052805
Roeder, F.; Shalaby, M.; Beleites, B.; Ronneberger, F.; Gopal, A.
THz generation by optical rectification of intense near-infrared pulses in organic crystal BNA
Optics Express, 28 :36274
November 2020
DOI:10.1364/OE.404690
Lu, Q.; Yan, C. L.; Xu, G. Q.; Fu, N.; Yang, Y.; Zou, Y.; Volotka, A. V.; Xiao, J.; Nakamura, N.; Hutton, R.
Direct measurements for the fine-structure splitting of S VIII and Cl IX
Physical Review A, 102 :042817
October 2020
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.102.042817
Kröger, F. M.; Weber, G.; Herdrich, M. O.; Glorius, J.; Langer, C.; Slavkovská, Z.; Bott, L.; Brandau, C.; Brückner, B.; Blaum, K.; Chen, X.; Dababneh, S.; Davinson, T.; Erbacher, P.; Fiebiger, S.; Gassner, T.; Göbel, K.; Groothuis, M.; Gumberidze, A.; Gyürky, Gy.; Hagmann, S.; Hahn, C.; Heil, M.; Hess, R.; Hensch, R.; Hillmann, P.; Hillenbrand, P.-M.; Hinrichs, O.; Jurado, B.; Kausch, T.; Khodaparast, A.; Kisselbach, T.; Klapper, N.; Kozhuharov, C.; Kurtulgil, D.; Lane, G.; Lederer-Woods, C.; Lestinsky, M.; Litvinov, S.; Litvinov, Yu. A.; Löher, B.; Nolden, F.; Petridis, N.; Popp, U.; Reed, M.; Reifarth, R.; Sanjari, M. S.; Simon, H.; Spillmann, U.; Steck, M.; Stumm, J.; Szücs, T.; Nguyen, T. T.; Zadeh, A. T.; Thomas, B.; Torilov, S. Yu.; Törnqvist, H.; Trageser, C.; Trotsenko, S.; Volknandt, M.; Weigand, M.; Wolf, C.; Woods, P. J.; Shevelko, V. P.; Tolstikhina, I. Yu.; Stöhlker, T.
Electron capture of Xe54+ in collisions with H2 molecules in the energy range between 5.5 and 30.9 MeV/u
Physical Review A, 102 :042825
October 2020
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.102.042825
Hofbrucker, J.; Volotka, A. V.; Szlachetko, J.; Fritzsche, S.
Enhanced polarization transfer to the characteristic L alpha x-ray lines near the nonlinear Cooper minimum of two-photon ionization
Physical Review A, 102 :042807
October 2020
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.102.042807
Panahiyan, S.; Chen, W.; Fritzsche, S.
Fidelity susceptibility near topological phase transitions in quantum walks
Physical Review B, 102 :134111
October 2020
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevB.102.134111
Boller, P.; Zylstra, A.; Neumayer, P.; Bernstein, L.; Brabetz, C.; Despotopulos, J.; Glorius, J.; Hellmund, J.; Henry, E.; Hornung, J.; Jeet, J.; Khuyagbaatar, J.; Lens, L.; Roeder, S.; Stöhlker, T.; Yakushev, A.; Litvinov, Y.; Shaughnessy, D.; Bagnoud, V.; Kühl, T.; Schneider, D.
First on-line detection of radioactive fission isotopes produced by laser-accelerated protons
Scientific Reports, 10 :17183
October 2020
DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-74045-5
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