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Dear colleagues and friends of the HI-Jena,

we are glad to provide you with the March 2023 issue of the newsletter of the Helmholtz Institute Jena.
Below you find informations and news about recent activities of our institute.

Kind Regards,
Helmholtz Institute Jena

New Regimes of Nuclear Resonance Excitation: First Experiments at the European XFEL

Ralf Röhlsberger for the MCLS* collaboration and for the 45Sc collaboration

The nuclear resonances of Mössbauer isotopes provide extremely narrow energy references for high-resolution spectroscopy. This qualifies them for applications in condensed matter physics as well as for studies in fundamental physics and extreme metrology. Since the pioneering experiment by E. Gerdau et al. [1] at the storage ring DORIS (DESY, Hamburg), the technique of nuclear resonance scattering has found widespread applications at hard X-ray synchrotron radiation sources worldwide. Its implementation and use at hard X-ray laser sources started with one experiment performed at SACLA in Japan reported so far [2].

In 2022 we could perform the first experiments on nuclear resonance scattering at the European XFEL. One study was conducted at the 14.4 keV resonance of 57Fe aiming at applications in x-ray quantum optics in a collaboration with researchers from Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, the Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, the University of Freiburg and DESY. The other experiment, initiated by researchers from Argonne National Laboratory and Texas A&M University in College Station, USA, succeeded to achieve the first photonic excitation of the ultranarrow 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc for future applications in extreme metrology.

Employing the 14.4 keV nuclear resonance of 57Fe we aimed at the realization of multiphoton excitation in forward scattering from an ensemble of Mössbauer nuclei. Due to the radiative coupling between the nuclei in the ensemble, an enhanced decay rate (superradiance, SR) and collective energy shifts (collective Lamb shift, CLS) appear as characteristic signatures in the scattered light. So far, SR and CLS have been extensively studied in the single-photon excitation regime at synchrotrons. Here we were aiming to reveal the spectral properties of the nuclear exciton under multiphoton excitation conditions, especially with the goal to determine the CLS as function of the number of photons that resonantly excite the nuclear ensemble. So far, the spectral properties under multiphoton excitation conditions have neither been approached theoretically nor experimentally. Our experiment in 2022 was mainly devoted to reliably detect the nuclear forward scattering signal in the presence of the extremely intense radiation pulses of the European XFEL. To our great surprise, under these conditions a 8 mm thick 57Fe foil appeared to be only 1 mm thick, as illustrated in Fig.1. The microscopic mechanism for this unique behavior is still under investigation.

The 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc is one of the narrowest nuclear resonances known with a half width of 1.4 femto-eV. In several aspects this isotope is superior to the 8.3 eV 229mTh isomer for extreme metrology applications. The scientific potential of the 45Sc resonance together with the possibility to resonantly excite it by photons from modern accelerator-based hard x-ray sources was identified more than 30 years ago [3]. However, it escaped detection until now, mostly due to the lack of hard x-ray sources with sufficient spectral flux. In this experiment the nuclear resonance of 45Sc was successfully observed by irradiation of a Sc metal foil with 12.4-keV x-ray pulses of sub-millisecond duration and detection of the 4 keV delayed K-fluorescence that followed internal nuclear conversion. The resonance energy, which was known before the experiment to an uncertainty of +/- 50 eV only was determined with sub-eV accuracy. Our results set the stage for further studies of this isotope with promising applications in fundamental physics and extreme metrology.

Both experiments greatly benefitted from the high pulse repetition rate in conjunction with hard x-ray self-seeding (HXRSS) at the respective nuclear resonance energies, providing the spectral flux for efficient nuclear resonance excitation. A unique pulse pattern will be extremely beneficial for future studies at the 45Sc resonance, in particular for the analysis of hyperfine interactions via nuclear forward scattering.

References

* Multiphoton Collective Lamb Shift
[1] E. Gerdau et al., Nuclear Bragg diffraction of synchrotron radiation in yttrium iron garnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 835 (1985).
[2] A. I. Chumakov et al., Superradiance of an ensemble of nuclei excited by a free electron laser, Nature Physics 14, 261 (2018).
[3] Yu. V. Shvyd’ko and G. V. Smirnov, On the direct measurement of nuclear resonance parameters of long-lived (>=1s) isomers. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 51, 452 (1990).

News and Announcements

Semiannual Meeting of the HI Jena

We kindly invite you to the Helmholtz Institute Jena semiannual palaver. The detailed agenda can be found here. Zoom link: 670 9407 9947
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Team of the Helmholtz Institute Jena one of the winners at the DIHP Elevator Pitch 2023

Five teams awarded at the Ideas Pitch 2023 at the "Digital Innovation Hub Photonics" (DIHP)  To support start-ups and fresh ideas in the field of optics and photonics:…
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Robert Klas is awarded Hugo Geiger Prize 2023

Dr. Robert Klas, from Helmholtz Institute Jena and Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, has received this year’s “Hugo Geiger Award…
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10th Joint RS-APS & HGS-HIRe Lecture Week on APPA Research at FAIR

At the end of February 2023 the Research School of Advanced Photon Science (RS-APS) of the Helmholtz Institute Jena organized already its 10th edition of its “Joint…
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Upcoming events

Upcoming events

DateTitleLocation

Recently finished theses

Riedel, R.
Pulse Metrology Tool and Burst-Mode Laser Amplifier for the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg
Universität Hamburg; Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften
December 2013
File:https://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/handle/ediss/5213
Ecker, B.
Entwicklung kohärenter Lichtquellen im XUV-Regime
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
November 2013
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-1781
Hahn, C.
Energie- und polarisationssensitiver Nachweis harter Röntgenstrahlung an Hochintensitätslasern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_msc.pdf
Geithner, R.
Optimierung eines kryogenen Stromkomparators für den Einsatz als Strahlmonitor
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00023556
Rathje, T.
Photodissoziation des Wasserstoffmolekülions durch Einzelzyklenlaserpulse
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/trathje_phd.pdf
Seegert, N.
Quantum Reflection at Strong Magnetic Fields
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/nseegert_msc.pdf
Herdrich, M. O.
Ionisationsquerschnitte von Uranionen in Speicherringen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mherdrich_bsc.pdf
Müller, R. A.
Angular and Polarisation Properties of Bremsstrahlung Radiation in the Short-Wavelength Limit
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
August 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/rmueller_bsc.pdf
Blinne, A.
Paarproduktion in rotierenden elektrischen Feldern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
March 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/ablinne_msc.pdf
Kienel, M.
Passive Coherent Beam Combining of Temporally Cascaded Pulses
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
January 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mkienel_msc.pdf
Lötzsch, R.
Bent crystal X-ray optics for the diagnosis and applications of laser-produced plasmas
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
November 2012
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00022009
Aurand, B.
Untersuchungen zu Mechanismen der Laser-Teilchenbeschleunigung
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
June 2012
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-2060
Fuchs, S.
Optische Kohärenztomografie mit kurzen Wellenlängen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
April 2012
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/sfuchs_dip.pdf
Märtin, R.
Röntgenpolarimetrie angewandt zur Untersuchung der Bremsstrahlung spinpolarisierter Elektronen
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie
September 2011
File:http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/12675/
Hahn, C.
Charakterisierung ortsauflösender Halbleiterdetektoren für harte Röntgenstrahlung
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_bsc.pdf
Reuter, M.
Interferometric Probing of Laser Generated Plasmas for Electron Acceleration
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
July 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mreuter_dip.pdf

Recent publications

Thorn, D. B.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Matlis, N. H.; Plateau, G. R.; Esarey, E. H.; Battaglia, M.; Schröder, C. B.; Shiraishi, S.; Stöhlker, T.; Toth, C.; Leemans, W. P.
Spectroscopy of betatron radiation emitted from laser-produced wakefield accelerated electrons
Review of Scientific Instruments, 81 :10E325
October 2010
DOI:10.1063/1.3479118
Hornung, M.; Bödefeld, R.; Siebold, M.; Kessler, A.; Schnepp, M.; Wachs, R.; Sävert, A.; Podleska, S.; Keppler, S.; Hein, J.; Kaluza, M.C.
Temporal pulse control of a multi-10 TW diode-pumped Yb:Glass laser
Applied Physics B, 101 :93
October 2010
DOI:10.1007/s00340-010-3952-7
Neumayer, P.; Aurand, B.; Basko, M.; Ecker, B.; Gibbon, P.; Hochhaus, D. C.; Karmakar, A.; Kazakov, E.; Kühl, T.; Labaune, C.; Rosmej, O.; Tauschwitz, An.; Zielbauer, B.; Zimmer, D.
The role of hot electron refluxing in laser-generated K-alpha sources
Physics of Plasmas, 17 :103103
October 2010
DOI:10.1063/1.3486520
Shevelko, V. P.; Stöhlker, T.; Tawara, H.; Tolstikhina, I. Yu.; Weber, G.
Electron capture in intermediate-to-fast heavy ion collisions with neutral atoms
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 268 :2611
September 2010
DOI:10.1016/j.nimb.2010.06.019
Hädrich, S.; Rothhardt, J.; Krebs, M.; Tavella, F.; Willner, A.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
High harmonic generation by novel fiber amplifier based sources
Optics Express, 18 :20242
September 2010
DOI:10.1364/OE.18.020242
Kaluza, M.C.; Schlenvoigt, H.-P.; Mangles, S. P. D.; Thomas, A. G. R.; Dangor, A. E.; Schwörer, H.; Mori, W. B.; Najmudin, Z.; Krushelnick, K. M.
Measurement of Magnetic-Field Structures in a Laser-Wakefield Accelerator
Physical Review Letters, 105 :115002
September 2010
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.115002
Hochhaus, D. C.; Seres, J.; Aurand, B.; Ecker, B.; Zielbauer, B.; Zimmer, D.; Spielmann, C.; Kühl, T.
Tuning the high-order harmonic lines of a Nd:Glass laser for soft X-ray laser seeding
Applied Physics B, 100 :711
September 2010
DOI:10.1007/s00340-010-4058-y
Ferro, F.; Artemyev, A.; Stöhlker, T.; Surzhykov, A.
Isotopic tuning of the 2 3P0−2 1S0 and 2 3P1−2 1S0 transition energies in He-like ions for future parity-nonconservation experiments
Journal of Instrumentation, 5 :C08006
August 2010
DOI:10.1088/1748-0221/5/08/C08006
Tünnermann, A.
Laser – das besondere Licht
Physik in unserer Zeit, 41 :211
August 2010
DOI:10.1002/piuz.201090057
Kaluza, M.C.; Mangles, S. P. D.; Thomas, A. G. R.; Najmudin, Z.; Dangor, A. E.; Murphy, C. D.; Collier, J. L.; Divall, E. J.; Foster, P. S.; Hooker, C. J.; Langley, A. J.; Smith, J.; Krushelnick, K.
Observation of a Long-Wavelength Hosing Modulation of a High-Intensity Laser Pulse in Underdense Plasma
Physical Review Letters, 105 :095003
August 2010
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.095003
Bagnoud, V.; Aurand, B.; Blazevic, A.; Borneis, S.; Bruske, C.; Ecker, B.; Eisenbarth, U.; Fils, J.; Frank, A.; Gaul, E.; Götte, S.; Häfner, C.; Hahn, T.; Harres, K.; Heuck, H.-M.; Hochhaus, D.; Hoffmann, D. H. H.; Javorkova, D.; Kluge, H.-J.; Kühl, T.; Kunzer, S.; Kreutz, M.; Merz-Mantwill, T.; Neumayer, P.; Onkels, E.; Reemts, D.; Rosmej, O.; Roth, M.; Stöhlker, T.; Tauschwitz, A.; Zielbauer, B.; Zimmer, D.; Witte, K.
Commissioning and early experiments of the PHELIX facility
Applied Physics B, 100 :137
July 2010
DOI:10.1007/s00340-009-3855-7
Bellei, C.; Nagel, S. R.; Kar, S.; Henig, A.; Kneip, S.; Palmer, C.; Sävert, A.; Willingale, L.; Carroll, D.; Dromey, B.; Green, J. S.; Markey, K.; Simpson, P.; Clarke, R. J.; Lowe, H.; Neely, D.; Spindloe, C.; Tolley, M.; Kaluza, M.C.; Mangles, S. P. D.; McKenna, P.; Norreys, P. A.; Schreiber, J.; Zepf, M.; Davies, J. R.; Krushelnick, K.; Najmudin, Z.
Micron-scale fast electron filaments and recirculation determined from rear-side optical emission in high-intensity laser-solid interactions
New Journal of Physics, 12 :073016
July 2010
DOI:10.1088/1367-2630/12/7/073016
Weber, G.; Bräuning, H.; Hess, S.; Märtin, R.; Spillmann, U.; Stöhlker, T.
Performance of a position sensitive Si(Li) x-ray detector dedicated to Compton polarimetry of stored and trapped highly-charged ions
Journal of Instrumentation, 5 :C07010
July 2010
DOI:10.1088/1748-0221/5/07/C07010
Zimmer, D.; Ros, D.; Guilbaud, O.; Habib, J.; Kazamias, S.; Zielbauer, B.; Bagnoud, V.; Ecker, B.; Hochhaus, D. C.; Aurand, B.; Neumayer, P.; Kühl, T.
Short-wavelength soft-x-ray laser pumped in double-pulse single-beam non-normal incidence
Physical Review A, 82 :013803
July 2010
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.82.013803
Baumgartl, M.; Ortac, B.; Lecaplain, C.; Hideur, A.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Sub-80 fs dissipative soliton large-mode-area fiber laser
Optics Letters, 35 :2311
July 2010
DOI:10.1364/OL.35.002311
Rothhardt, J.; Hädrich, S.; Seise, E.; Krebs, M.; Tavella, F.; Willner, A.; Duesterer, S.; Schlarb, H.; Feldhaus, J.; Limpert, J.; Rossbach, J.; Tünnermann, A.
High average and peak power few-cycle laser pulses delivered by fiber pumped OPCPA system
Optics Express, 18 :12719
June 2010
DOI:10.1364/OE.18.012719
Ferro, F.; Artemyev, A.; Stöhlker, T.; Surzhykov, A.
Isotope shift of the 1s2p P-3(0)-1s2s S-1(0) level splitting in heavy He-like ions: Implications for atomic parity-nonconservation studies
Physical Review A, 81 :062503
June 2010
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.81.062503
Kaluza, M.C.
Laser-Based Particle Acceleration
Optik & Photonik, 5 :56
June 2010
DOI:10.1002/opph.201190102
Hornung, M.; Bödefeld, R.; Kessler, A.; Hein, J.; Kaluza, M.C.
Spectrally resolved and phase-sensitive far-field measurement for the coherent addition of laser pulses in a tiled grating compressor
Optics Letters, 35 :2073
June 2010
DOI:10.1364/OL.35.002073
Rodríguez, D.; Blaum, K.; Nörtershäuser, W.; Ahammed, M.; Algora, A.; Audi, G.; Äystö, J.; Beck, D.; Bender, M.; Billowes, J.; Block, M.; Böhm, C.; Bollen, G.; Brodeur, M.; Brunner, T.; Bushaw, B.; Cakirli, R.; Campbell, P.; Cano-Ott, D.; Cortés, G.; Crespo López-Urrutia, J.; Das, P.; Dax, A.; De, A.; Delheij, P.; Dickel, T.; Dilling, J.; Eberhardt, K.; Eliseev, S.; Ettenauer, S.; Flanagan, K.; Ferrer, R.; García-Ramos, J.-E.; Gartzke, E.; Geissel, H.; George, S.; Geppert, C.; Gómez-Hornillos, M.; Gusev, Y.; Habs, D.; Heenen, P.-H.; Heinz, S.; Herfurth, F.; Herlert, A.; Hobein, M.; Huber, G.; Huyse, M.; Jesch, C.; Jokinen, A.; Kester, O.; Ketelaer, J.; Kolhinen, V.; Koudriavtsev, I.; Kowalska, M.; Krämer, J.; Kreim, S.; Krieger, A.; Kühl, T.; Lallena, A.; Lapierre, A.; Le Blanc, F.; Litvinov, Y.; Lunney, D.; Martínez, T.; Marx, G.; Matos, M.; Minaya-Ramirez, E.; Moore, I.; Nagy, S.; Naimi, S.; Neidherr, D.; Nesterenko, D.; Neyens, G.; Novikov, Y.; Petrick, M.; Plaß, W.; Popov, A.; Quint, W.; Ray, A.; Reinhard, P.-G.; Repp, J.; Roux, C.; Rubio, B.; Sanchez, R.; Schabinger, B.; Scheidenberger, C.; Schneider, D.; Schuch, R.; Schwarz, S.; Schweikhard, L.; Seliverstov, M.; Solders, A.; Suhonen, M.; Szerypo, J.; Taín, J.; Thirolf, P.; Ullrich, J.; Duppen, P.; Vasiliev, A.; Vorobjev, G.; Weber, C.; Wendt, K.; Winkler, M.; Yordanov, D.; Ziegler, F.
MATS and LaSpec: High-precision experiments using ion traps and lasers at FAIR
The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 183 :1
May 2010
DOI:10.1140/epjst/e2010-01231-2
Shabaev, V. M.; Volotka, A. V.; Kozhuharov, C.; Plunien, G.; Stöhlker, T.
Parity-nonconservation effect with the laser-induced 2 3S1 - 2 1S0 transition in heavy heliumlike ions
Physical Review A, 81 :052102
May 2010
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.81.052102
Gies, H.; Weber, A.
Geometry-Temperature Interplay in the Casimir Effect
International Journal of Modern Physics A, 25 :2279
April 2010
DOI:10.1142/S0217751X10049554
Bagnoud, V.; Fils, J.; Hein, J.; Kaluza, M.C.; Paulus, G.G.; Stöhlker, T.; Wolf, M.
High‐Contrast Ultrafast OPA Module For The PHELIX Facility
AIP Conference Proceedings, 1228 :217
April 2010
DOI:10.1063/1.3426055
Seres, J.; Seres, E.; Hochhaus, D.; Ecker, B.; Zimmer, D.; Bagnoud, V.; Kühl, T.; Spielmann, C.
Laser-driven amplification of soft X-rays by parametric stimulated emission in neutral gases
Nature Physics, 6 :455\u2013461
April 2010
DOI:10.1038/nphys1638
Hein, J.; Hornung, M.; Bödefeld, R.; Podleska, S.; Sävert, A.; Wachs, R.; Kessler, A.; Keppler, S.; Wolf, M.; Polz, J.; Jäckel, O.; Nicolai, M.; Schnepp, M.; Körner, J.; Kaluza, M.C.; Paulus, G.G.
Multiterawatt peak power generated by the all diode pumped laser—POLARIS
AIP Conference Proceedings, 1228 :159
April 2010
DOI:10.1063/1.3426047
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