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Dear colleagues and friends of the HI-Jena,

we are glad to provide you with the March 2023 issue of the newsletter of the Helmholtz Institute Jena.
Below you find informations and news about recent activities of our institute.

Kind Regards,
Helmholtz Institute Jena

New Regimes of Nuclear Resonance Excitation: First Experiments at the European XFEL

Ralf Röhlsberger for the MCLS* collaboration and for the 45Sc collaboration

The nuclear resonances of Mössbauer isotopes provide extremely narrow energy references for high-resolution spectroscopy. This qualifies them for applications in condensed matter physics as well as for studies in fundamental physics and extreme metrology. Since the pioneering experiment by E. Gerdau et al. [1] at the storage ring DORIS (DESY, Hamburg), the technique of nuclear resonance scattering has found widespread applications at hard X-ray synchrotron radiation sources worldwide. Its implementation and use at hard X-ray laser sources started with one experiment performed at SACLA in Japan reported so far [2].

In 2022 we could perform the first experiments on nuclear resonance scattering at the European XFEL. One study was conducted at the 14.4 keV resonance of 57Fe aiming at applications in x-ray quantum optics in a collaboration with researchers from Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, the Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, the University of Freiburg and DESY. The other experiment, initiated by researchers from Argonne National Laboratory and Texas A&M University in College Station, USA, succeeded to achieve the first photonic excitation of the ultranarrow 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc for future applications in extreme metrology.

Employing the 14.4 keV nuclear resonance of 57Fe we aimed at the realization of multiphoton excitation in forward scattering from an ensemble of Mössbauer nuclei. Due to the radiative coupling between the nuclei in the ensemble, an enhanced decay rate (superradiance, SR) and collective energy shifts (collective Lamb shift, CLS) appear as characteristic signatures in the scattered light. So far, SR and CLS have been extensively studied in the single-photon excitation regime at synchrotrons. Here we were aiming to reveal the spectral properties of the nuclear exciton under multiphoton excitation conditions, especially with the goal to determine the CLS as function of the number of photons that resonantly excite the nuclear ensemble. So far, the spectral properties under multiphoton excitation conditions have neither been approached theoretically nor experimentally. Our experiment in 2022 was mainly devoted to reliably detect the nuclear forward scattering signal in the presence of the extremely intense radiation pulses of the European XFEL. To our great surprise, under these conditions a 8 mm thick 57Fe foil appeared to be only 1 mm thick, as illustrated in Fig.1. The microscopic mechanism for this unique behavior is still under investigation.

The 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc is one of the narrowest nuclear resonances known with a half width of 1.4 femto-eV. In several aspects this isotope is superior to the 8.3 eV 229mTh isomer for extreme metrology applications. The scientific potential of the 45Sc resonance together with the possibility to resonantly excite it by photons from modern accelerator-based hard x-ray sources was identified more than 30 years ago [3]. However, it escaped detection until now, mostly due to the lack of hard x-ray sources with sufficient spectral flux. In this experiment the nuclear resonance of 45Sc was successfully observed by irradiation of a Sc metal foil with 12.4-keV x-ray pulses of sub-millisecond duration and detection of the 4 keV delayed K-fluorescence that followed internal nuclear conversion. The resonance energy, which was known before the experiment to an uncertainty of +/- 50 eV only was determined with sub-eV accuracy. Our results set the stage for further studies of this isotope with promising applications in fundamental physics and extreme metrology.

Both experiments greatly benefitted from the high pulse repetition rate in conjunction with hard x-ray self-seeding (HXRSS) at the respective nuclear resonance energies, providing the spectral flux for efficient nuclear resonance excitation. A unique pulse pattern will be extremely beneficial for future studies at the 45Sc resonance, in particular for the analysis of hyperfine interactions via nuclear forward scattering.

References

* Multiphoton Collective Lamb Shift
[1] E. Gerdau et al., Nuclear Bragg diffraction of synchrotron radiation in yttrium iron garnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 835 (1985).
[2] A. I. Chumakov et al., Superradiance of an ensemble of nuclei excited by a free electron laser, Nature Physics 14, 261 (2018).
[3] Yu. V. Shvyd’ko and G. V. Smirnov, On the direct measurement of nuclear resonance parameters of long-lived (>=1s) isomers. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 51, 452 (1990).

News and Announcements

Semiannual Meeting of the HI Jena

We kindly invite you to the Helmholtz Institute Jena semiannual palaver. The detailed agenda can be found here. Zoom link: 670 9407 9947
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Team of the Helmholtz Institute Jena one of the winners at the DIHP Elevator Pitch 2023

Five teams awarded at the Ideas Pitch 2023 at the "Digital Innovation Hub Photonics" (DIHP)  To support start-ups and fresh ideas in the field of optics and photonics:…
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Robert Klas is awarded Hugo Geiger Prize 2023

Dr. Robert Klas, from Helmholtz Institute Jena and Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, has received this year’s “Hugo Geiger Award…
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10th Joint RS-APS & HGS-HIRe Lecture Week on APPA Research at FAIR

At the end of February 2023 the Research School of Advanced Photon Science (RS-APS) of the Helmholtz Institute Jena organized already its 10th edition of its “Joint…
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Upcoming events

Upcoming events

DateTitleLocation

Recently finished theses

Riedel, R.
Pulse Metrology Tool and Burst-Mode Laser Amplifier for the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg
Universität Hamburg; Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften
December 2013
File:https://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/handle/ediss/5213
Ecker, B.
Entwicklung kohärenter Lichtquellen im XUV-Regime
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
November 2013
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-1781
Hahn, C.
Energie- und polarisationssensitiver Nachweis harter Röntgenstrahlung an Hochintensitätslasern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_msc.pdf
Geithner, R.
Optimierung eines kryogenen Stromkomparators für den Einsatz als Strahlmonitor
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00023556
Rathje, T.
Photodissoziation des Wasserstoffmolekülions durch Einzelzyklenlaserpulse
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/trathje_phd.pdf
Seegert, N.
Quantum Reflection at Strong Magnetic Fields
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/nseegert_msc.pdf
Herdrich, M. O.
Ionisationsquerschnitte von Uranionen in Speicherringen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mherdrich_bsc.pdf
Müller, R. A.
Angular and Polarisation Properties of Bremsstrahlung Radiation in the Short-Wavelength Limit
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
August 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/rmueller_bsc.pdf
Blinne, A.
Paarproduktion in rotierenden elektrischen Feldern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
March 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/ablinne_msc.pdf
Kienel, M.
Passive Coherent Beam Combining of Temporally Cascaded Pulses
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
January 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mkienel_msc.pdf
Lötzsch, R.
Bent crystal X-ray optics for the diagnosis and applications of laser-produced plasmas
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
November 2012
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00022009
Aurand, B.
Untersuchungen zu Mechanismen der Laser-Teilchenbeschleunigung
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
June 2012
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-2060
Fuchs, S.
Optische Kohärenztomografie mit kurzen Wellenlängen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
April 2012
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/sfuchs_dip.pdf
Märtin, R.
Röntgenpolarimetrie angewandt zur Untersuchung der Bremsstrahlung spinpolarisierter Elektronen
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie
September 2011
File:http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/12675/
Hahn, C.
Charakterisierung ortsauflösender Halbleiterdetektoren für harte Röntgenstrahlung
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_bsc.pdf
Reuter, M.
Interferometric Probing of Laser Generated Plasmas for Electron Acceleration
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
July 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mreuter_dip.pdf

Recent publications

Hofbrucker, J.; Volotka, A. V.; Fritzsche, S.
Photoelectron distribution of nonresonant two-photon ionization of neutral atoms
Physical Review A, 96 :013409
July 2017
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.96.013409
Zürch, M.; Jung, R.; Späth, C.; Tümmler, J.; Guggenmos, A.; Attwood, D.; Kleineberg, U.; Stiel, H.; Spielmann, C.
Transverse Coherence Limited Coherent Diffraction Imaging using a Molybdenum Soft X-ray Laser Pumped at Moderate Pump Energies
Scientific Reports, 7 :5314
July 2017
DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-05789-w
Stark, H.; Müller, M.; Kienel, M.; Klenke, A.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Electro-optically controlled divided-pulse amplification
Optics Express, 25 :13494
June 2017
DOI:10.1364/OE.25.013494
Cayzac, W.; Frank, A.; Ortner, A.; Bagnoud, V.; Basko, M. M.; Bedacht, S.; Bläser, C.; Blazevic, A.; Busold, S.; Deppert, O.; Ding, J.; Ehret, M.; Fiala, P.; Frydrych, S.; Gericke, D. O.; Hallo, L.; Helfrich, J.; Jahn, D.; Kjartansson, E.; Knetsch, A.; Kraus, D.; Malka, G.; Neumann, N. W.; Pépitone, K.; Pepler, D.; Sander, S.; Schaumann, G.; Schlegel, T.; Schroeter, N.; Schumacher, D.; Seibert, M.
Experimental discrimination of ion stopping models near the Bragg peak in highly ionized matter
Nature Communications, 8 :15693
June 2017
DOI:10.1038/ncomms15693
Alejo, A.; Krygier, A. G.; Ahmed, H.; Morrison, J. T.; Clarke, R. J.; Fuchs, J.; Green, A.; Green, J. S.; Jung, D.; Kleinschmidt, A.; Najmudin, Z.; Nakamura, H.; Norreys, P.; Notley, M.; Oliver, M.; Roth, M.; Vassura, L.; Zepf, M.; Borghesi, M.; Freeman, R. R.; Kar, S.
High flux, beamed neutron sources employing deuteron-rich ion beams from D2O-ice layered targets
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 59 :064004
June 2017
DOI:10.1088/1361-6587/aa684a
Chemnitz, M.; Gebhardt, M.; Gaida, C.; Stutzki, F.; Kobelke, J.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.; Schmidt, M.
Hybrid soliton dynamics in liquid-core fibres
Nature Communications, 8 :42
June 2017
DOI:10.1038/s41467-017-00033-5
Hendi, S. H.; Panah, B. E.; Panahiyan, S.; Momennia, M.
Magnetic brane solutions in Gauss–Bonnet–Maxwell massive gravity
Physics Letters B, 772 :43
June 2017
DOI:10.1016/j.physletb.2017.06.012
Finetti, P.; Höppner, H.; Allaria, E.; Callegari, C.; Capotondi, F.; Cinquegrana, P.; Coreno, M.; Cucini, R.; Danailov, M.; Demidovich, A.; De Ninno, G.; Di Fraia, M.; Feifel, R.; Ferrari, E.; Fröhlich, L.; Gauthier, D.; Golz, T.; Grazioli, C.; Kai, Y.; Kurdi, G.; Mahne, N.; Manfredda, M.; Medvedev, N.; Nikolov, I.; Pedersoli, E.; Penco, G.; Plekan, O.; Prandolini, M.; Prince, K.; Raimondi, L.; Rebernik, P.; Riedel, R.; Roussel, E.; Sigalotti, P.; Squibb, R.; Stojanovic, N.; Stranges, S.; Svetina, C.; Tanikawa, T.; Teubner, U.; Tkachenko, V.; Toleikis, S.; Zangrando, M.; Ziaja, B.; Tavella, F.; Giannessi, L.
Pulse Duration of Seeded Free-Electron Lasers
Physical Review X, 7 :021043
June 2017
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevX.7.021043
Tavella, F.; Höppner, H.; Tkachenko, V.; Medvedev, N.; Capotondi, F.; Golz, T.; Kai, Y.; Manfredda, M.; Pedersoli, E.; Prandolini, M. J.; Stojanovic, N.; Tanikawa, T.; Teubner, U.; Toleikis, S.; Ziaja, B.
Soft x-ray induced femtosecond solid-to-solid phase transition
High Energy Density Physics, 24 :22
June 2017
DOI:10.1016/j.hedp.2017.06.001
Zille, D.; Seipt, D.; Möller, M.; Fritzsche, S.; Paulus, G.G.; Milošević, D. B.
Spin-dependent quantum theory of high-order above-threshold ionization
Physical Review A, 95 :063408
June 2017
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.95.063408
Bagnoud, V.; Hornung, J.; Schlegel, T.; Zielbauer, B.; Brabetz, C.; Roth, M.; Hilz, P.; Haug, M.; Schreiber, J.; Wagner, F.
Studying the Dynamics of Relativistic Laser-Plasma Interaction on Thin Foils by Means of Fourier-Transform Spectral Interferometry
Physical Review Letters, 118 :255003
June 2017
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.255003
Vockert, M.; Weber, G.; Spillmann, U.; Krings, T.; Herdrich, M.; Stöhlker, T.
Commissioning of a Si(Li) Compton polarimeter with improved energy resolution
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 408 :313
May 2017
DOI:10.1016/j.nimb.2017.05.035
Goswami, B.; Antony, B.; Fritzsche, S.
Electron impact scattering and calculated ionization cross sections for SFx (x=1–5) radicals
International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 417 :8
May 2017
DOI:10.1016/j.ijms.2017.04.014
Herdrich, M.; Weber, G.; Gumberidze, A.; Wu, Z.; Stöhlker, T.
Fast calculator for X-ray emission due to Radiative Recombination and Radiative Electron Capture in relativistic heavy-ion atom collisions
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 408 :294
May 2017
DOI:10.1016/j.nimb.2017.04.022
Ullmann, J.; Andelkovic, Z.; Brandau, C.; Dax, A.; Geithner, W.; Geppert, C.; Gorges, C.; Hammen, M.; Hannen, V.; Kaufmann, S.; König, K.; Litvinov, Y.; Lochmann, M.; Maass, B.; Meisner, J.; Murböck, T.; Sanchez, R.; Schmidt, M.; Schmidt, S.; Steck, M.; Stöhlker, T.; Thompson, R.; Trageser, C.; Vollbrecht, J.; Weinheimer, C.; Nörtershäuser, W.
High precision hyperfine measurements in Bismuth challenge bound-state strong-field QED
Nature Communications, 8 :15484
May 2017
DOI:10.1038/ncomms15484
Günther, M. M.; Jentschel, M.; Pollitt, A. J.; Thirolf, P. G.; Zepf, M.
Refractive-index measurement of Si at γ-ray energies up to 2 MeV
Physical Review A, 95 :053864
May 2017
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.95.053864
Bondarev, A. I.; Kozhedub, Y. S.; Tupitsyn, I. I.; Shabaev, V. M.; Plunien, G.; Stöhlker, T.
Relativistic calculations of differential ionization cross sections: Application to antiproton-hydrogen collisions
Physical Review A, 95 :052709
May 2017
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.95.052709
Seipt, D.; Heinzl, T.; Marklund, M.; Bulanov, S. S.
Depletion of Intense Fields
Physical Review Letters, 118 :154803
April 2017
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.154803
Karbstein, F.
Heisenberg-Euler effective action in slowly varying electric field inhomogeneities of Lorentzian shape
Physical Review D, 95 :076015
April 2017
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.95.076015
Schanz, V. A.; Wagner, F.; Roth, M.; Bagnoud, V.
Noise reduction in third order cross-correlation by angle optimization of the interacting beams
Optics Express, 25 :9252
April 2017
DOI:10.1364/OE.25.009252
Gies, H.; Karbstein, F.
An addendum to the Heisenberg-Euler effective action beyond one loop
Journal of High Energy Physics, 03 :108
March 2017
DOI:10.1007/JHEP03(2017)108
Chang, H. X.; Qiao, B.; Huang, T. W.; Xu, Z.; Zhou, C. T.; Gu, Y. Q.; Yan, X. Q.; Zepf, M.; He, X. T.
Brilliant petawatt gamma-ray pulse generation in quantum electrodynamic laser-plasma interaction
Scientific Reports, 7 :45031
March 2017
DOI:10.1038/srep45031
Senje, L.; Coughlan, M.; Jung, D.; Taylor, M.; Nersisyan, G.; Riley, D.; Lewis, C. L. S.; Lundh, O.; Wahlström, C.-G.; Zepf, M.; Dromey, B.
Experimental investigation of picosecond dynamics following interactions between laser accelerated protons and water
Applied Physics Letters, 110 :104102
March 2017
DOI:10.1063/1.4977846
Sanchez, R.; Lochmann, M.; Jöhren, R.; Andelkovic, Z.; Anielski, D.; Botermann, B.; Bussmann, M.; Dax, A.; Frömmgen, N.; Geppert, C.; Hammen, M.; Hannen, V.; Kühl, T.; Litvinov, Y. A.; Lopez-Coto, R.; Stöhlker, T.; Thompson, R. C.; Vollbrecht, J.; Wen, W.; Weinheimer, C.; Will, E.; Winters, D.; Nörtershäuser, W.
Laser spectroscopy measurement of the 2s-hyperfine splitting in lithium-like bismuth
Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 50 :085004
March 2017
File:http://stacks.iop.org/0953-4075/50/i=8/a=085004
Karbstein, F.
Photon Propagation in Slowly Varying Electromagnetic Fields
Russian Physics Journal, 59 :1
March 2017
DOI:10.1007/s11182-017-0974-1
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