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Dear colleagues and friends of the HI-Jena,

we are glad to provide you with the March 2023 issue of the newsletter of the Helmholtz Institute Jena.
Below you find informations and news about recent activities of our institute.

Kind Regards,
Helmholtz Institute Jena

New Regimes of Nuclear Resonance Excitation: First Experiments at the European XFEL

Ralf Röhlsberger for the MCLS* collaboration and for the 45Sc collaboration

The nuclear resonances of Mössbauer isotopes provide extremely narrow energy references for high-resolution spectroscopy. This qualifies them for applications in condensed matter physics as well as for studies in fundamental physics and extreme metrology. Since the pioneering experiment by E. Gerdau et al. [1] at the storage ring DORIS (DESY, Hamburg), the technique of nuclear resonance scattering has found widespread applications at hard X-ray synchrotron radiation sources worldwide. Its implementation and use at hard X-ray laser sources started with one experiment performed at SACLA in Japan reported so far [2].

In 2022 we could perform the first experiments on nuclear resonance scattering at the European XFEL. One study was conducted at the 14.4 keV resonance of 57Fe aiming at applications in x-ray quantum optics in a collaboration with researchers from Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, the Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, the University of Freiburg and DESY. The other experiment, initiated by researchers from Argonne National Laboratory and Texas A&M University in College Station, USA, succeeded to achieve the first photonic excitation of the ultranarrow 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc for future applications in extreme metrology.

Employing the 14.4 keV nuclear resonance of 57Fe we aimed at the realization of multiphoton excitation in forward scattering from an ensemble of Mössbauer nuclei. Due to the radiative coupling between the nuclei in the ensemble, an enhanced decay rate (superradiance, SR) and collective energy shifts (collective Lamb shift, CLS) appear as characteristic signatures in the scattered light. So far, SR and CLS have been extensively studied in the single-photon excitation regime at synchrotrons. Here we were aiming to reveal the spectral properties of the nuclear exciton under multiphoton excitation conditions, especially with the goal to determine the CLS as function of the number of photons that resonantly excite the nuclear ensemble. So far, the spectral properties under multiphoton excitation conditions have neither been approached theoretically nor experimentally. Our experiment in 2022 was mainly devoted to reliably detect the nuclear forward scattering signal in the presence of the extremely intense radiation pulses of the European XFEL. To our great surprise, under these conditions a 8 mm thick 57Fe foil appeared to be only 1 mm thick, as illustrated in Fig.1. The microscopic mechanism for this unique behavior is still under investigation.

The 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc is one of the narrowest nuclear resonances known with a half width of 1.4 femto-eV. In several aspects this isotope is superior to the 8.3 eV 229mTh isomer for extreme metrology applications. The scientific potential of the 45Sc resonance together with the possibility to resonantly excite it by photons from modern accelerator-based hard x-ray sources was identified more than 30 years ago [3]. However, it escaped detection until now, mostly due to the lack of hard x-ray sources with sufficient spectral flux. In this experiment the nuclear resonance of 45Sc was successfully observed by irradiation of a Sc metal foil with 12.4-keV x-ray pulses of sub-millisecond duration and detection of the 4 keV delayed K-fluorescence that followed internal nuclear conversion. The resonance energy, which was known before the experiment to an uncertainty of +/- 50 eV only was determined with sub-eV accuracy. Our results set the stage for further studies of this isotope with promising applications in fundamental physics and extreme metrology.

Both experiments greatly benefitted from the high pulse repetition rate in conjunction with hard x-ray self-seeding (HXRSS) at the respective nuclear resonance energies, providing the spectral flux for efficient nuclear resonance excitation. A unique pulse pattern will be extremely beneficial for future studies at the 45Sc resonance, in particular for the analysis of hyperfine interactions via nuclear forward scattering.

References

* Multiphoton Collective Lamb Shift
[1] E. Gerdau et al., Nuclear Bragg diffraction of synchrotron radiation in yttrium iron garnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 835 (1985).
[2] A. I. Chumakov et al., Superradiance of an ensemble of nuclei excited by a free electron laser, Nature Physics 14, 261 (2018).
[3] Yu. V. Shvyd’ko and G. V. Smirnov, On the direct measurement of nuclear resonance parameters of long-lived (>=1s) isomers. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 51, 452 (1990).

News and Announcements

Semiannual Meeting of the HI Jena

We kindly invite you to the Helmholtz Institute Jena semiannual palaver. The detailed agenda can be found here. Zoom link: 670 9407 9947
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Team of the Helmholtz Institute Jena one of the winners at the DIHP Elevator Pitch 2023

Five teams awarded at the Ideas Pitch 2023 at the "Digital Innovation Hub Photonics" (DIHP)  To support start-ups and fresh ideas in the field of optics and photonics:…
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Robert Klas is awarded Hugo Geiger Prize 2023

Dr. Robert Klas, from Helmholtz Institute Jena and Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, has received this year’s “Hugo Geiger Award…
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10th Joint RS-APS & HGS-HIRe Lecture Week on APPA Research at FAIR

At the end of February 2023 the Research School of Advanced Photon Science (RS-APS) of the Helmholtz Institute Jena organized already its 10th edition of its “Joint…
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Upcoming events

Upcoming events

DateTitleLocation

Recently finished theses

Riedel, R.
Pulse Metrology Tool and Burst-Mode Laser Amplifier for the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg
Universität Hamburg; Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften
December 2013
File:https://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/handle/ediss/5213
Ecker, B.
Entwicklung kohärenter Lichtquellen im XUV-Regime
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
November 2013
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-1781
Hahn, C.
Energie- und polarisationssensitiver Nachweis harter Röntgenstrahlung an Hochintensitätslasern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_msc.pdf
Geithner, R.
Optimierung eines kryogenen Stromkomparators für den Einsatz als Strahlmonitor
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00023556
Rathje, T.
Photodissoziation des Wasserstoffmolekülions durch Einzelzyklenlaserpulse
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
October 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/trathje_phd.pdf
Seegert, N.
Quantum Reflection at Strong Magnetic Fields
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/nseegert_msc.pdf
Herdrich, M. O.
Ionisationsquerschnitte von Uranionen in Speicherringen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mherdrich_bsc.pdf
Müller, R. A.
Angular and Polarisation Properties of Bremsstrahlung Radiation in the Short-Wavelength Limit
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
August 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/rmueller_bsc.pdf
Blinne, A.
Paarproduktion in rotierenden elektrischen Feldern
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
March 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/ablinne_msc.pdf
Kienel, M.
Passive Coherent Beam Combining of Temporally Cascaded Pulses
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
January 2013
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mkienel_msc.pdf
Lötzsch, R.
Bent crystal X-ray optics for the diagnosis and applications of laser-produced plasmas
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
November 2012
File:https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_00022009
Aurand, B.
Untersuchungen zu Mechanismen der Laser-Teilchenbeschleunigung
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
June 2012
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-2060
Fuchs, S.
Optische Kohärenztomografie mit kurzen Wellenlängen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
April 2012
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/sfuchs_dip.pdf
Märtin, R.
Röntgenpolarimetrie angewandt zur Untersuchung der Bremsstrahlung spinpolarisierter Elektronen
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie
September 2011
File:http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/12675/
Hahn, C.
Charakterisierung ortsauflösender Halbleiterdetektoren für harte Röntgenstrahlung
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_bsc.pdf
Reuter, M.
Interferometric Probing of Laser Generated Plasmas for Electron Acceleration
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
July 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mreuter_dip.pdf

Recent publications

Liebetrau, H.; Hornung, M.; Seidel, A.; Hellwing, M.; Kessler, A.; Keppler, S.; Schorcht, F.; Hein, J.; Kaluza, M.C.
Ultra-high contrast frontend for high peak power fs-lasers at 1030 nm
Optics Express, 22 :24776
October 2014
DOI:10.1364/OE.22.024776
Rothhardt, J.; Hädrich, S.; Klenke, A.; Demmler, S.; Hoffmann, A.; Gotschall, T.; Eidam, T.; Krebs, M.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
53 W average power few-cycle fiber laser system generating soft x rays up to the water window
Optics Letters, 39 :5224
September 2014
DOI:10.1364/OL.39.005224
Zastrau, U.; Fletcher, L.; Förster, E.; Galtier, E.; Gamboa, E.; Glenzer, S.; Heimann, P.; Marschner, H.; Nagler, B.; Schropp, A.; Wehrhan, O.; Lee, H.
Bent crystal spectrometer for both frequency and wavenumber resolved x-ray scattering at a seeded free-electron laser
Review of Scientific Instruments, 85 :093106
September 2014
DOI:10.1063/1.4894821
Alejo, A.; Kar, S.; Ahmed, H.; Krygier, A. G.; Doria, D.; Clarke, R.; Fernandez, J.; Freeman, R. R.; Fuchs, J.; Green, A.; Green, J. S.; Jung, D.; Kleinschmidt, A.; Lewis, C. L. S.; Morrison, J. T.; Najmudin, Z.; Nakamura, H.; Nersisyan, G.; Norreys, P.; Notley, M.; Oliver, M.; Roth, M.; Ruiz, J. A.; Vassura, L.; Zepf, M.; Borghesi, M.
Characterisation of deuterium spectra from laser driven multi-species sources by employing differentially filtered image plate detectors in Thomson spectrometers
Review of Scientific Instruments, 85 :093303
September 2014
DOI:10.1063/1.4893780
Hädrich, S.; Klenke, A.; Rothhardt, J.; Krebs, M.; Hoffmann, A.; Pronin, O.; Pervak, V.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
High photon flux table-top coherent extreme-ultraviolet source
Nature Photonics, 8 :779
September 2014
DOI:10.1038/nphoton.2014.214
Zastrau, U.; Förster, E.
Integrated reflectivity measurements of hydrogen phthalate crystals for high-resolution soft x-ray spectroscopy
Journal of Instrumentation, 9 :P09008
September 2014
DOI:10.1088/1748-0221/9/09/P09008
Karbstein, F.; Peters, A.; Wagner, M.
LambdaMSbar (nf=2) from a momentum space analysis of the quark-antiquark static potential
Journal of High Energy Physics, 09 :114
September 2014
DOI:10.1007/JHEP09(2014)114
Tashenov, S.; Banaś, D.; Beyer, H.; Brandau, C.; Fritzsche, S.; Gumberidze, A.; Hagmann, S.; Hillenbrand, P.-M.; Jörg, H.; Kojouharov, I.; Kozhuharov, Ch.; Lestinsky, M.; Litvinov, Yu. A.; Maiorova, A. V.; Schaffner, H.; Shabaev, V. M.; Spillmann, U.; Stöhlker, T.; Surzhykov, A.; Trotsenko, S.
Observation of Coherence in the Time-Reversed Relativistic Photoelectric Effect
Physical Review Letters, 113 :113001
September 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.113001
Lochmann, M.; Jöhren, R.; Geppert, C.; Andelkovic, Z.; Anielski, D.; Botermann, B.; Bussmann, M.; Dax, A.; Frömmgen, N.; Hammen, M.; Hannen, V.; Kühl, T.; Litvinov, Y.; Lopez-Coto, R.; Stöhlker, T.; Thompson, R.; Vollbrecht, J.; Volotka, A.; Weinheimer, C.; Wen, W.; Will, E.; Winters, D.; Sanchez, R.; Nörtershäuser, W.
Observation of the hyperfine transition in lithium-like bismuth 209Bi80+ : Towards a test of QED in strong magnetic fields
Physical Review A, 90 :030501
September 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.90.030501
Limpert, J.; Klenke, A.; Kienel, M.; Breitkopf, S.; Eidam, T.; Hädrich, S.; Jauregui, C.; Tünnermann, A.
Performance Scaling of Ultrafast Laser Systems by Coherent Addition of Femtosecond Pulses
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 20 :0901810
September 2014
DOI:10.1109/JSTQE.2014.2304135
Müller, R. A.; Yerokhin, V. A.; Surzhykov, A.
Polarization of atomic bremsstrahlung in coincidence studies
Physical Review A, 90 :032707
September 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.90.032707
Nicolai, M.; Sävert, A.; Reuter, M.; Schnell, M.; Polz, J.; Jäckel, O.; Karsch, L.; Schürer, M.; Oppelt, M.; Pawelke, J.; Kaluza, M.C.
Realizing a laser-driven electron source applicable for radiobiological tumor irradiation
Applied Physics B, 116 :643
September 2014
DOI:10.1007/s00340-013-5747-0
Hilbert, V.; Rödel, C.; Brenner, G.; Döppner, T.; Düsterer, S.; Dziarzhytski, S.; Fletcher, L.; Förster, E.; Glenzer, S. H.; Harmand, M.; Hartley, N. J.; Kazak, L.; Komar, D.; Laarmann, T.; Lee, H. J.; Ma, T.; Nakatsutsumi, M.; Przystawik, A.; Redlin, H.; Skruszewicz, S.; Sperling, P.; Tiggesbäumker, J.; Toleikis, S.; Zastrau, U.
Spatio-temporal coherence of free-electron laser radiation in the extreme ultraviolet determined by a Michelson interferometer
Applied Physics Letters, 105 :101102
September 2014
DOI:10.1063/1.4895455
Botermann, B.; Bing, D.; Geppert, C.; Gwinner, G.; Hänsch, T.; Huber, G.; Karpuk, S.; Krieger, A.; Kühl, T.; Nörtershäuser, W.; Novotny, C.; Reinhardt, S.; Sanchez, R.; Schwalm, D.; Stöhlker, T.; Wolf, A.; Saathoff, G.
Test of Time Dilation Using Stored Li+ Ions as Clocks at Relativistic Speed
Physical Review Letters, 113 :120405
September 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.120405
Stutzki, F.; Gaida, C.; Gebhardt, M.; Jansen, F.; Wienke, A.; Zeitner, U.; Fuchs, F.; Jauregui, C.; Wandt, D.; Kracht, D.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
152  W average power Tm-doped fiber CPA system
Optics Letters, 39 :4671
August 2014
DOI:10.1364/OL.39.004671
Tiegel, M.; Herrmann, A.; Kuhn, S.; Russel, C.; Körner, J.; Klöpfel, D.; Seifert, R.; Hein, J.; Kaluza, M.C.
Fluorescence and thermal stress properties of Yb 3+ -doped alumino silicate glasses for ultra high peak power laser applications
Laser Physics Letters, 11 :115811
August 2014
DOI:10.1088/1612-2011/11/11/115811
Gies, H.; Karbstein, F.; Shaisultanov, R.
Laser photon merging in an electromagnetic field inhomogeneity
Physical Review D, 90 :033007
August 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.90.033007
Möller, M.; Meyer, F.; Sayler, A. M.; Paulus, G.G.; Kling, M. F.; Schmidt, B. E.; Becker, W.; Milošević, D. B.
Off-axis low-energy structures in above-threshold ionization
Physical Review A, 90 :023412
August 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.90.023412
Braun, J.; Gies, H.; Janssen, L.; Roscher, D.
Phase structure of many-flavor QED₃
Physical Review D, 90 :036002
August 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.90.036002
Hillenbrand, P.-M.; Hagmann, S.; Atanasov, D.; Banaś, D.; Blumenhagen, K.-H.; Brandau, C.; Chen, W.; De Filippo, E.; Gumberidze, A.; Guo, D. L.; Jakubassa-Amundsen, D. H.; Kovtun, O.; Kozhuharov, C.; Lestinsky, M.; Litvinov, Yu. A.; Müller, A.; Müller, R. A.; Rothard, H.; Schippers, S.; Schöffler, M. S.; Spillmann, U.; Surzhykov, A.; Trotsenko, S.; Winckler, N.; Yan, X. L.; Yerokhin, V. A.; Zhu, X. L.; Stöhlker, T.
Radiative-electron-capture-to-continuum cusp in U⁸⁸⁺+N₂ collisions and the high-energy endpoint of electron-nucleus bremsstrahlung
Physical Review A, 90 :022707
August 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.90.022707
Yerokhin, V. A.; Surzhykov, A.; Fritzsche, S.
Relativistic configuration-interaction calculation of Kα transition energies in berylliumlike iron
Physical Review A, 90 :022509
August 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.90.022509
Wagner, F.; João, C.; Fils, J.; Gottschall, T.; Hein, J.; Körner, J.; Limpert, J.; Roth, M.; Stöhlker, T.; Bagnoud, V.
Temporal contrast control at the PHELIX petawatt laser facility by means of tunable sub-picosecond optical parametric amplification
Applied Physics B, 116 :429
August 2014
DOI:10.1007/s00340-013-5714-9
Scholz-Marggraf, H. M.; Fritzsche, S.; Serbo, V. G.; Afanasev, A.; Surzhykov, A.
Absorption of twisted light by hydrogenlike atoms
Physical Review A, 90 :013425
July 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.90.013425
Zastrau, U.; Sperling, P.; Becker, A.; Bornath, T.; Bredow, R.; Döppner, T.; Dziarzhytski, S.; Fennel, T.; Fletcher, L. B.; Förster, E.; Fortmann, C.; Glenzer, S. H.; Göde, S.; Gregori, G.; Harmand, M.; Hilbert, V.; Holst, B.; Laarmann, T.; Lee, H. J.; Ma, T.; Mithen, J. P.; Mitzner, R.; Murphy, C. D.; Nakatsutsumi, M.; Neumayer, P.; Przystawik, A.; Roling, S.; Schulz, M.; Siemer, B.; Skruszewicz, S.; Tiggesbäumker, J.; Toleikis, S.; Tschentscher, T.; White, T.; Wöstmann, M.; Zacharias, H.; Redmer, R.
Equilibration dynamics and conductivity of warm dense hydrogen
Physical Review E, 90 :013104
July 2014
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.90.013104
Marx, B.; Schulze, K. S.; Uschmann, I.; Kämpfer, T.; Wehrhan, O.; Wille, H. C.; Schlage, K.; Röhlsberger, R.; Weckert, E.; Förster, E.; Stöhlker, T.; Paulus, G.G.
High precision measurement of undulator polarization in the regime of hard x-rays
Applied Physics Letters, 105 :024103
July 2014
DOI:10.1063/1.4890584
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